474 Reports and ProceecUnys — 



and striated surface of the indurated greenish-grey marls of the 

 lowest Ehsetic strata. 



1 9. " On the Permians of the North-east of England and their 

 relations to the Under- and Overlying Formations." By. E. Wilson, 

 Esq., RG.S. 



The author describes as follows the same section as that noticed 

 in the preceding paper : — Lower Bunter, 30 feet ; breccia of various 

 slates and grits, etc., underlain by red and yellow mottled and grey 

 sandstones, considered by the author to be passage-beds between 

 the Bunter and the Permian formations ; these are followed by 

 ordinary Permian marls, 21 feet ; Magnesian Limestone, 33 feet ; 

 slate-coloured thin-bedded sandstones and shales, with a breccia at 

 the base, 19 to 20 feet. The breccia rests in a series of ver}'- gentle 

 undulations on a planed-off surface of Coal-measure shales, which dip 

 in a north-easterly direction at an angle of 15°. This unconformity 

 between the Coal-measures and the almost horizontal Permians is 

 most pronounced, a fact long ago pointed out by Prof. Sedgwick, 

 and tends to confirm the supposition of the pre-Permian elevation 

 and denundation of the Pennine axis. 



The author considers the breccia at the base of the Permian, and 

 possibly that of the Lower Bunter, to be of glacial origin. The 

 paucity of life in the intervening beds might thus be accounted for. 



20. '' The Section at High Force, Teesdale." By C. T. Clough, 

 Esq., B.A., F.G.S. 



The section described by the author in descending order is as 

 follows : — Basalt, 24 feet ; altered shale, 1\ foot ; basalt, 6 feet ; 

 altered shale, 12 feet ; limestone, 32 feet. The second stratum of 

 basalt has been erroneously described in Phillips's 'Geology of 

 Yorkshire ' as " plate " or shale, v/hereas it is merely an underflow 

 of the basalt. About 20 yards below the Force the lower and 

 intercalated layer of basalt has entirely disappeared. These inter- 

 calated (not interstratified) beds of volcanic rock are common 

 throughout the district, and tend to prove the irruptive nature of the 

 •Whin Sill, as maintained by the late Prof. Sedgwick. 



21. " The Distribution of Flint in the Chalk of Yorkshire." By 

 J. E. Mortimer, Esq. Communicated by W. Whitaker, Esq., F.G.S. 



The author considers that the present shape of the Chalk Wolds of 

 Yorkshire seems to suggest that they are the remains of an atoll or 

 circular reef, probably one of a chain, rather than the fragment of a 

 vast sheet of Cretaceous mud deposited in deep water. He thinks 

 that the flint-bearing and non-flint-beai'ing chalk areas are in the 

 main contemporaneous in Yorkshire. The chalk without flint con- 

 tains 4-28 per cent, of silica, whilst the chalk with flint contains 

 only 2*12 per cent. 



22. " On the Mode of Occurrence and Derivation of Beds of 

 Drifted Coal near Corwen, North Wales." By D. Mackintosh, Esq., 

 F.G.S. 



Besting on the lowest drift, which here, at an elevation of 

 500 — 600 feet below the level of the sea, consists of yellowish clay 

 alternating with beds of coarse gravel, is a deposit of clean sand and 



