Geological Society of London, 571 



fossiliferous deposits known as the Kessingland Beds as resting in a 

 gorge cut out of, and consequently newer than, the Chillesford Clay. 

 The beds present in the section, according to his view, are, in 

 ascending order : — 



1. The Chillesford Clay. 



U3 to f 2. An unstratified hlue clay, penetrated by rootlets, shown occasionally tobe 

 •2 % I underlain by sand and gravel, which, with the clay, contains mammalian 



S "^ <^ remains and freshwater shells. 



^ ^ I 3. A lenticularly-shaped bed of laminated clay and sand, with wood debris at 



g-^ l^ its base. 



4. The Middle Glacial sand and gravel. 



5. The Upper Glacial or chalky Boulder-clay. 



In the 2nd part of the paper the author urged that the stone bed 

 at the base of the Norwich Crag, which contains marine shells and 

 mammalian remains, was not an old land surface, as asserted by 

 Mr. Gunn and others, but merely the basement-bed of the deposit 

 which overlies it, the mammalian fossils it contains, which are prin- 

 cipally worn and fragmentary portions of teeth, being derivative 

 from som.e older Tertiary deposit, just as are the flints with which 

 they are associated from the Chalk. 



4. '* Observations on the Geology of East Anglia, -etc." By S. V. 

 Wood, jun., Esq., F.G.S., and F. W. Harmer, Esq., F.G.S., etc. 



The subjects discussed in this paper were threefold, viz. : — 



1. The nn fossiliferous sands of the Eed Crag. 



2. The unconformity between the Lower and Middle Glacial 

 deposits. 



3.. The mode in which the Upper and Middlo Glacial were 

 accumulated. 



The views of the authors imder the first head were similar to and 

 confirmatory of those advanced in the previous paper by Mr. Whit- 

 aker ; but they pointed out that the Red Crag, which these sands, 

 in an altered form, represent, oould not belong to the Chillesford 

 division of that formation, by reason of the casts of shells which 

 had been preserved not comprising any of the more characteristic 

 (Chillesford species, and of their including among them forms con- 

 fined to the older portions of the Eed Crag. They also pointed out 

 that the Chillesford Clay had been removed over all the area occupied 

 by these sands by denudation prior to the deposition of the Middle 

 Glacial, which rests upon these sands wherever they occur. The 

 removal of the Chillesford Clay, the authors consider, was due in 

 part, if not in all, to the great denudation between the Lower and 

 Middle Glacial, which gave rise to the unconformity discussed under 

 the second head. 



This unconformity they illustrate by lines of section traversing 

 most of the river valleys of Central and East Norfolk and Suffolk. 

 These show that such valleys were excavated after the deposit of 

 the Contorted Drift, and out of that formation and the beds under- 

 lying it. They also show that the Middle and Upper Glacial have 

 been bedded into these valleys, as well as spread (the middle only 

 partially, but the upper more uniformly) over the high grounds 

 formed of Contorted Drift out of which they were excavated, and 



