200 H. H. Koworth — The Mammoth in ^Jarope. 



Naturalists. The skeleton was standing verticgXhj, the fore-feet 

 having sunk lower than the hind ones, and Brandt says that it 

 must have sunk down in soft mud. His remaining remarks are so 

 exactly what I would urge, that I prefer to quote them in the 

 original as the words of a very skilled palaeontologist. He says : 

 " Wiirde das Moskauer Governement damals einen ewig gefroreren 

 Boden besessen haben und noch bis auf heute besitzen ahnlich wie 

 der Norden Siberiens, so wiirde das fragliche Mammuth wohl als 

 ganzes Cadaver zum Yorschein gekomraen sein." — Bulletin de la 

 Soc. Imp. des Natur. de Moscou, vol. xi, part ii. p. 250. 



About 1826, according to a communication made by Pander to 

 Brandt, there was found on the banks of a river near Petersburgh 

 the skeleton of a Mammoth, which was also in an upright position 

 (Bericht ueber die Verhandl. Berliner Acad., 1846, pp. 225, 226). 

 This skeleton may be paired with another discovered in 1775 at 

 Swijatosski, 17 versts from St. Petersburgh, and which is mentioned 

 by Buffon (see De Blainville, Osteographie, p. 108). 



Tilesius mentions that a complete Mammoth's skeleton was found 

 at Struchof in the government of Kazan. 



In 1821, as appears from a letter written to Cuvier from St. 

 Petersburgh, there were found, in the government of Woronej, two 

 entire skeletons, whose tusks, although broken, were many feet long. 

 It was argued these were the remains of elephants brought to Kussia 

 during the invasion of the Tartar, Mamai (Cuvier, Ossemens Fossiles, 

 vol. ii. p. 164). 



Travelling to another corner of European Eussia, Von Nordmann 

 mentions the discovery of a complete skeleton 40 versts from 

 Odessa, seven fathoms under the ground, of which he secured a 

 portion of a hip bone and two tarsi (Palaeontologie Sudrusslands, 

 p. 273). 



In Western Eussia, De Blainville reports the fishing up of the 

 molar of a young animal witli other hones of the skeleton from the 

 river Uscha, near the Obrinka, not far from Grodno {ojp. cit. p. 112). 



Hagenius (Beitrage zur kunde Preussens, vol. i. p. 56) reports 

 how the illustrious " Castellanus Sremensi '" had informed him that a 

 whole skeleton of an elephant was found at the town of Gruczno on 

 the Vistula, which was broken to pieces by the peasants, but he 

 secured part of a tusk (see Baer, de Fossilibus Mammalium reliquis, 

 p. 13). 



In Germany several cases are known. Of these the most famous, 

 perhaps, were the two skeletons found at Tonna, in the province of 

 Gotha. One of them was discovered in 1696, and a femur with the 

 head of another, a humerus, some vertebree and ribs, together with 

 the skull, four molars, and two tusks were recovered. Tentzel 

 described the remains in the 19th volume of the Philosophical 

 Transactions, and proved, by an elaborate examination, against 

 the views of the doctors of Gotha, that these bones were not, 

 lusus naturce, but the remains of an elephant. The perfection of 

 the skeleton may be judged from Tentzel's words: "Equidem 

 nihil dubitare attinet, quin omnia reperta sunt ad absolvendum 



