202 H. H. Soworth — The Mammoth in Europe. 



found at Eppig, eight leagues below Strasburgh, also in the Vosges 

 (id. p. 127; De Blainville, p. 74). An entire skeleton with two 

 tusks is reported by De Blainville as having been found under 

 vegetable soil close to the walls of Stuttgart, on the Neckar, in 

 Wurtemberg. Merk describes the various bones of an elephant 

 found together at Erfelden in Darmstadt. 



But it is when we reach the alluvial flats of the Low Countries 

 that we find, as we should expect, the most notable examples 

 of what we are describing. Luiof speaks of a tooth and many- 

 bones of an elephant found in the valley of the Yssel, near Zutphen 

 (Cuv. pp. 79, 80). 



In 1643 an entire skeleton was disinterred at Bruges by Otho 

 Sperling, of which a femur still remains in the Danish Collection 

 (Cuv. pp. 68, 69). Two entire skeletons with molar teeth and tusks 

 were found in digging the Canal from Brussels to Eupemonde, near 

 Vilvorden (De Blainville, p. 130). In 1742 a skeleton was found in 

 marl, half a league from Ostend (id.). 



It was in February, 1860, however, that the most imiDortant 

 discovery of this kind took place in Belgium, namely, at Lierre, 

 between Antwerp and Malines, where the bones of a Mammoth 

 were discovered, and secured. These remains were described in 

 the Bulletin of the Belgian Academy (2nd ser. vol. ix. pp. 405 

 and 436). The magnificent skeleton possessed by the Royal 

 Museum at Brussels, and which gives to that collection such 

 importance in the eyes of pala3ontologists, proves how rich this 

 deposit was. 



In Britain the remains of the Mammoth have, for the most part, 

 been found detached and separate ; but this has not been universally 

 so, the great skeleton, thirty feet long, found at Harwich in a 

 decayed condition, being a notable instance to the contrary. 



In France we have several examples to quote. It must be re- 

 membered that until comparativelj' recently, when skeletons of 

 a large size, and which were in all probability those of Mammoths, 

 were discovered, they were attributed to giants, and that from early 

 times the discoveries of such giants are not infrequently reported ; 

 in fact, a very large series of such examples was collected by Cuvier. 

 A typical specimen is the one mentioned by Phlegon, of Tralles, 

 who described a body of an immense size exposed by an earthquake 

 near the Cimmerian Bosphorus, whose bones were thrown into the 

 Maeotis. 



One of the most interesting of these so-called giants was dis- 

 covered at Langon, near Eomans, in Lower Dauphiny, in France, in 

 the reign of Louis XIIL, which led to a great dispute, in which it 

 was argued fiercely by some learned doctors that the bones were 

 those of Teutoboccus, the king of the Teutons and Cimbri, defeated 

 by Marius in 150 e.g. They were opposed by Eiolan, who argued 

 that they belonged to an Elephant. These bones naturally became 

 precious, and were preserved by the proprietors of Langon, and 

 through the influence of De Blainville they were eventually 

 deposited in the Paris Museum, and shown to be those of the 



