Trof. Lapworth — PalcBOzoic Rochs of Britain 8^ Scandinavia. 263 



From the inferior or Eophyton Sandstone, Mr. Linnarsson lias 

 collected the enigmatical fossil which gives its name to the forma- 

 tion, the remarkable Eophyton Linneanum, together with a peculiar 

 Brachiopodous shell ( Obelus f monilifer, Linn.), forms of Pteropoda 

 and Sponges [Astylospongia), and the so-called Annelides — Cruziana, 

 Arthrophycus, etc. 



The succeeding Fucoid Sandstones are comparatively barren, the 

 onlj' forms yet quoted from them are Lingula f favosa, Linrs., and 

 the usual Fucoid tracks and burrows of worms, etc. 



These sandstones are well developed in Westrogothia, Ostrogothia, 

 Nerike, and Scania. Jn the last-mentioned region, the entire series 

 occurs, according to Angelin and Dr. Lundgren, in four recognizable 

 zones, with the following characters : ' 



(4.) Greywacke Schists (50 feet), containing occasional nodules of phosphorite, 



but no recognizable fossils. 

 (3.) Sardeberga Sandstone (600 feet), a coarse-grained hard sandstone with 



quartzose matrix, passing into greywackes in the upper zones, containing 



fucoid-markings and burrows of Annelides. 

 (2.) Qiiartzite, and Quartzite Conglomerate (150 to 200 feet), a thick hard rock, 



brittle, with conchoidal fracture. 

 (1.) Liignas Sandstone. A coarse sandstone (60 feet), containing (crystals of) 



quartz, felspar, and mica — in other words, an arkose. According to Angelin 



himself, the lowest layers of this sandstone alternate with the bedded gneiss. 



According to Linnarsson, this relation is open to question. 



If (as suggested by Lundgren) zones 3 and 4 represent the Fucoid 

 S'lndstone, that formation attains here a maximum thickness of 650 

 feet, and the basal or Eophyton beds a depth of 250 feet. The thick- 

 ness of the same formations near Oland is estimated by Sjogren at 

 350 feet and 150 feet respectively.^ In Westrogothia they have a 

 collective thickness of from 70 to 80 feet.^ 



Alum Schist Formation of Sweden. 



The Upper or Alum Schist formation of the Swedish Cambrian 

 System attains its tyj)ical development in the classical locality of 

 Andrarum in Scania, where its two grand divisions — the Lower 

 characterized by Paradoxides, and the Upper by Olenus — are highly 

 fossiliferous, and admit of such a minute examination in situ, that 

 it has been found possible to subdivide them into several distinct 

 palseontological zones, and to give a tolerably exact estimate of the 

 vertical thickness and characteristic fossils of each. 



Angelin, misled by the highly prolific nature of the Paradoxides- 

 bearing limestone of this locality, originally assigned it a systematic 

 position superior to that of the 0/emts-bearing beds ; * his regio A. 

 (Olenorumj, to which he referred the generality of the Primordial 

 Beds of Scandinavia, being regarded by him as inferior to his regio 

 B. (Conocorypharum), and being supposed to occur only at Andrarum 

 and in the island of Bornholm. Linnarsson, from his studies in 



1 Lundgren, text to Angelin's Geologisk Ofversigts-Karta ofver SkS.ne, pp. 12-18. 



2 Sjogren, Bidrag till Olands Geologi. Ofvers. K. V. Forh. 1871, p. 675. 



3 Linnarsson, VestergiJtlauds Cambriska och Siluriska Bilduiugur Kougl. Svenska. 

 Vet.-Akad. Handliugar, 1869, pp. 29, 55. 



* AugeUn, Palteontologica Suandinavica, pp. iii, iv. 



