E. T. Newton — Pre-Glacial Mammalia. 315 



of the British Association), that it is not strange that there should be 

 a tendency in the pendulum to return to a more normal position. 

 In the present case, at all events, there does not seem to be room for 

 doubt that a sudden and widespread change of climate took place 

 over the whole breadth of Northern Siberia at the time of the final 

 extinction of the Mammoth. This conclusion is not the only one 

 which seems to follow inevitabl}' from the facts ; but we must 

 reserve any further development of the position for another commu- 

 Bication. 



VI. — Notes on the Vektebrata of the Pre-Glacial Forest Bed 



Series of the East of England. 



ByE. T. Newton, F.G.S. 



PART v.— PROBOSCIDEA AND CETACEA. 



THE following list includes all the species belonging to these two 

 groups which have hitherto been recorded from the "Forest 

 Bed Series." 



Proboscidea and Cetacea said to have been found in the " Fokest Bed 

 Series." (See also corrected list, at p. 317-) 



Elephas antiquiis. 



,, prisons. 



,, meridionalis. 



,, primigenius. 



„ leptodon (Gunn, MS.) 



,, giganteus (Gunn, MS.) 

 Balmna or Balcemptera, two species. 

 Narwhale. 



Proboscidea. 

 Elephas. — The remains of Elephants have been found in consider- 

 able numbers in the "Forest Bed" deposits, and consist chiefly of 

 isolated teeth, although several jaws with the teeth in place, and some 

 enormous limb-bones, have likewise been obtained. The latter are 

 notable objects in the Norwich Museum and some private collec- 

 tions. Until the investigations of Dr. Falconer, all these Elephant 

 remains were referred to the one species, E. primigenius ; but he 

 showed that there were at least two other species, which would have 

 to be separately recorded, namely, E. antiquus and £. meridionalis 

 (Palseon. Memoirs, 1868, vol. ii.). The occurrence of the last two 

 species has never since been called in question ; but such is not the 

 case with regard to the E. primigenius, for there has been much dis- 

 cussion about the antiquity of this species, and regarding its Pre- 

 glacial origin. At the present time our best authorities seem to bo 

 satisfied that the E. primigenius does occur in the "Forest Bed"; 

 or at least that a variety, which cannot be definitely separated from 

 the species, has been obtained from this horizon. This form most 

 nearly resembles the coarse-plated molars of E. primigenius which 

 are found at llford. Dr. Leith Adams, who has paid so much 

 attention to the fossil Elephants, refers all the " Forest Bed " forms 

 at present known to three species, namely, E. antiquus, E. meridionalis, 

 and E. primigenius, the numerous intermediate varieties, which to a 



