Revieics — Geological Survey of South Australia. 29 



The general result of tbe maps is to show that over large areas, 

 coloured on ordinary geological maps as Chalk, that rock is covered 

 b}'- beds impermeable to water, the drainage of great part of which 

 moreover flows away from the Chalk, and therefore cannot in any 

 way contribute to the water therein. 



I may here allude to the enormous error in all but the latest maps, 

 in colouring the whole of East Norfolk and the northern part of 

 East Suffolk as Chalk (except for Crag), whereas we know, from 

 well-sections, that there is a mass of the older Tertiary beds (London 

 Clay and Eeading Beds) between the Drift or Crag and the Chalk 

 along the whole of the Suffolk coast and the eastern coast of our 

 county. 



I. — Geological Survey of South Australia. Eeport of the 

 Government Geologist, Henry Y. Lyell Brown, F.G.S., Ade- 

 laide, South Australia, August 1st, 1883 ; with four chromolitho- 

 graphic plans. (Adelaide, Government Printing Office.) 



THE Government of South Australia is to be congratulated on its 

 wise decision to establish a Geological Survey of its Territories, 

 the investigation of which has been hitherto left wholly to the energy 

 of private individuals. First settled by a company, in 1834, it was 

 not formed into a regular colony until 1841, and received the right 

 of self-government in 1S56. Its original area was about 300,000 

 square miles, but in 1861 its western limit was extended to 129*^ E. ; 

 and in 1863, the Northern Territory, reaching to the sea between 

 129° East and 138° East, was added, by which the area of the 

 Colony was trebled. Hitherto South Australia has been chiefly 

 distinguished for its valuable mines of copper, but its staple industry 

 is wheat-growing, in which it is pre-eminent over its neighbours. It 

 also has extensive sheep-runs, and since 1874 the number of sheep 

 has never been less than 6,000,000. 



Of course the great desire of every new country is to discover 

 coal, and for the interior districts, water is indispensable to enable 

 the large areas, seemingly well adapted for pasturage, to be occupied 

 as runs. 



The exploration which forms the subject of the present report was 

 directed to the area comprised between 26° and 32° S. Lat. and 138^° 

 and 141|° E. Long. The chief objects of this journey were to ascer- 

 tain the extension from New South Wales into South Australia of 

 the gold-bearing rocks of Mount Brown, and the Cretaceous formation 

 in which artesian and other water has been found. The gold-bearing 

 rocks were not found to extend across the border into South Australia, 

 as far as could be ascertained. The Flinders range is the nearest 

 point in this colony where rocks likely to prove auriferous outcrop, 

 the intervening country being covered over with Cretaceous and 

 Tertiary formations. There may, however, be some low outcrops 

 occurring amongst the sand hills, but this is not very likely, and tliey 

 cannot exist in any great extent. The extension of the Cretaceous 



