140 Reviews — Baron Richthofen's China : — Palceontohgy. 



Silurian strata, with the addition of Pentamertis, Cyrtia, Strophalosia, 

 Produdus, and Crania. Of the total number of twenty-eight species, 

 there are but six limited to China, and only two of these can be 

 regarded as characteristic Chinese forms. No fewer than thirteen 

 species, or nearly one-half, are cosmopolitan forms, whilst nine species 

 are also found either in Western Europe, North America, or Australia. 

 But whilst the Devonian fauna of China is thus of a decidedly 

 cosmopolitan character, it has on the whole a nearer relationship to 

 the Middle and Upper Devonian strata of Western Europe than to 

 "the corresponding rocks in North America. 



A few unimportant Brachiopods, of Devonian and Carboniferous 

 age, found at Tshau-tien, in close proximity to the localities from 

 which the Silurian fossils already referred to were obtained, form 

 the subject-matter of the sixth memoir, by Dr. Kayser. 



In the seventh memoir, Herr Conrad Schwager gives a very full 

 and elaborate description of the Carboniferous Foraminifera of China 

 and Japan, illustrated by four plates, drawn and lithographed by the 

 author. Representatives of the following genera are present, Fusu- 

 lina, Schioagerina, Fusulinella, LinguUna, Tetrataxis, Endothyra, 

 Valvtdina, and Glimacammina. In all, fifteen species are described, 

 two of which are also found in Russia, and one occurs in Sumatra. 

 There is a great probability that the rocks in which the Foraminifera 

 are present belong to the upper portion of the Carboniferous Lime- 

 stone. 



The eighth memoir, by Dr. Kayser, treats of the Upper Carbon- 

 iferous faima of Lo-ping. All the new species, as well as the most 

 important of those already known, are figured in the accompanying 

 eleven plates. No fewer than fifty-five species are recorded from 

 this locality ; they are found in thin beds of limestone in close 

 pi-oximity to productive coal-seams. Amongst these species there is 

 a fish-tooth, believed to belong to a Squalodont; one species of 

 Phillipsia ; four of Nautilus ; and three of Orthoceras. The Gastero- 

 poda are represented by a single species of Macroclieilus, and the 

 Lamellibranchiata include species of Lucina, AUorisma, Schizodus, 

 Macrodon, Pinna, Myalina, Avicula and Avicidopecten. The Brachio- 

 poda form the most important group ; there are twenty-five species 

 belonging to the following genera, Terebratula, Betzia, Athyris, 

 Spirifera, Orthis, Streptorhyncus, Meekella, Syntrielasma, Strophalosia 

 and Producta. Besides the above there are a few imperfect Polyzoa 

 and Corals. The abnormal form Richthofenia (Anomia) Lawrenciana, 

 De Koninck, sp., is regarded by the author as an Operculate Coral, 

 but its real character is still doubtful. 



A remarkable feature of the Lo-ping fauna is the fact that more 

 than one-half of the species are identical with the commoner fossils 

 of the European and American Carboniferous strata, whilst at the 

 same time there are a number of species which distinctly characterize 

 the Upper Carboniferous strata of Russia in Europe and Western 

 North America, so that the Lo-ping strata most probably belong to 

 the horizon of the Upj^er Carboniferous. 



The second division of the work contains descriptions of the fossil 



