372 Rerieics — Geological Survey of India. 



Blanford was frequently in ill-bealth, and was finally compelled 

 from this cause to leave the field, the amount of work accomplished 

 is well-nigh marvellous. This work is shown on the excellent map 

 accompanying the memoir. 



The work is divided into three parts ; the first giving a general 

 sketch of the geology of the district, and a notice of previous 

 observers ; the second giving details of the geology of the different 

 routes ; and the third treating of the economic geology. There is 

 also an appendix describing some fossil freshwater shells. 



In the notice of previous observers it is stated that the most 

 important memoirs are by Captain Vicary and Mr. Ball. Mr. 

 Greisbach also traversed a part of the district ; and, apparently from 

 an imperfect acquaintance with the Gaj group of Sind, was led into 

 some serious errors in determining the rocks. The discovery by 

 Vicary of vertebrate and molluscan remains in the beds above the 

 Nummulitics of Dera Bugti and the Bugti Hills is noticed on page 

 21 ; and Mr. Blanford was fortunate enough to rediscover these 

 fossil localities, and to collect a valuable series of mammalian fossils, 

 which have been lately described in the 10th series of the " Palasou- 

 tologia Indica." 



In the neighbouring district of Sind the geological formations 

 met with are arranged in the following order by Mr. Blanford, viz. 



1. Manchhar, or Siwalik { Sw;;;:;".::;UpperMiocene. 



2. G&j Miocene. 



^ . /Upper Lower Miocene ? 



'^- ^^" \ Lower Oligocene. 



4. Khirtar Eocene. 



5. Eknikot , Lower Eocene. 



6. Deccan Trap, etc Passage-beds. 



7. Hippurite Limestone Cretaceous. 



In the area under description the Lower Siwalik is wanting near 

 Sibi and Quetta, and the Gaj is entirely absent : the Lower Nari is 

 likewise generally wanting, although present in the Bolan Pass. The 

 change in passing from Sind to the Suleiman range of the Punjab is 

 therefore the disappearance of the two marine subdivisions (Gaj 

 and Lower Nari) of the Upper Tertiaries ; and this paves the way 

 for the great development of freshwater (Mari) beds in the more 

 eastern Punjab, below the Siwalik series. Of the older Tertiaries, 

 the Khirtar (Nummulitic) is well represented, but the Eanikot has 

 entirely disappeared. 



The beds from which Vicary's fossils were obtained turned out 

 to correspond to the Lower Siwaliks of Sind ; although the species 

 of mammals are nearly all different, and indicate a greater affinity 

 with Lower Miocene European forms ; and it is therefore not im- 

 possible that the fossiliferous Lower Siwaliks of the Bugti Hills 

 may be slightly older than those of Sind. The mammals comprise 

 Mastodon angustidens (var.) ; M. 'pandionis ; a lai'ge Hyopotamtis ; 

 two species of Anthracotheriimi, one apparently indistinguishable 

 from A. magnum ; and an Aceratherium, which has been named 

 A. Uanfordi: all being new to India, except M. pandionis. Of the 

 Bugti molluscs, Mr. Blanford observes that "of seven freshwater 



