454 W. Tojiley — European Geological Survei/s. 



The publications comprise the ' Bolletino ' (in 8vo.), dating from 

 1870, of which fourteen vohimes are pubh'shed ; and ' Memorie ' 

 (in foh), dating from 1871, of which the second part of vol, iii. is 

 now appearing. These volumes contain numerous maps, on various 

 scales, and plates of fossils. Many of the authors of papers here 

 published are not connected with the survey ; but, as a Geological 

 Society was founded for Italy in 1881 (at Bologna), the survey 

 publications will probably in future be more purely official. 



Several semi-official maps are issued. Three are by Prof. CapelUni, 

 a member of the Comitato. These are — the Bolognese Apennines ; 

 Leghorn (each 1 : 100,000) ; Gulf of Spezia (1 : 50.000). 



Netherlands. —Commissie voor de Geologtsche Kaart van Neder- 

 land (Haarlem). 



An official survey of this country was made by W. C. H. Staring, 

 and published (' Geologische Kaart van Nederland') at Haarlem, 

 in 27 small sheets ; 1858-67 with explanation. The scale is 

 1 : 200,000 ; the meridian Amsterdam, 4° 55' E. of Greenwich. The 

 map shows 13 varieties of alluvium, 8 of diluvium, 16 of Pliocene — 

 Eocene, with other rocks down to Devonian. Another map (? not 

 official) has been published by Kruijder, in six sheets, 1880. 



Norway. — Geologishe Under sogelse (Christiania). 



The geological investigation of this country is in two parts ; that 

 of Southern Norway, under the direction of Th. Kjerulf, dating from 

 1858; that of Northern Norway, under the direction of T. Dahll, 

 dating from 1866. For the former there are two assistants, with 

 extra help during the summer ; for the latter there is one assistant. 



The surveying work is done on various scales — 1 : 20,000, 50/, 

 100/, and 200,000. For the last the meridian is Ferro ; for the 

 others it is Christiania, 10° 43' E. of Greenwich. 



The published map of Southern Norway (' Geologiske Oversigts- 

 karte ') is on the scale of 1 : 100,000, with contours at 100 feet 

 (1 Norweigan foot = 12-35 English inches). Seventeen sheets are 

 published, dating from 1876. These are grouped as follows : 

 Trondhjem and district, 8 sheets ; Bergen, 2 ; Hamar, 2 ; Christiania 

 and Fredrickstadt, 5. Each sheet is priced kr. 1-60 (1 kr. = ls. l^d.). 



A general map of part of Southern Norway (Diocese of Christiania, 

 Hamar, and Christiansand) was published in 1856-65, by Th. Kjerulf 

 and T. Dahll ; scale 1 : 400,000 ; 10 sheets ; with explanatory 

 pamphlet in French ; in this the meridian is Ferro. 



A general description of Southern Norway with atlas and map 

 (1 : 1,000,000) was published by Th. Kjerulf in 1879 (German 

 translation, by Dr. A. Gurlt, in 1880). A map of Northern Norway 

 on the same scale was published in 1879, by T. Dahll. 



There is no regular publication of memoirs and papers of the 

 survey ; but they appear in various journals, transactions, and the 

 University treatises. The collection made by the survey is at present 

 deposited in the Mineralogical Cabinet of the University of Christiania. 



Portugal. — Commissao Geologica de Portugal (Lisbon). 



Of this survey (' Sec^ao dos Trabalhos Geologicos de Portugal ') 

 Carlos Ribeiro was chief. 



