in the Culm-shales of Devonshire. 535 



Carbonaceous series, and it was originally so engraved and coloured 

 in his sections and in the Geological Survey Map.^ 



The subsequent researches of Mr. John Edward Lee^ have led to 

 the discovery of Gonintites intumescens and G. multUohatus, species 

 characteristic of the Upper Devonian of Devon and Cornwall, and of 

 the Ehineland and Westphalia. 



In 1840 Prof. Sedgwick and Sir R. I. Murchison, in their memoir 

 " On the Physical Structure of Devonshire, and on the Subdivisions 

 and Geological Relations of the Older Stratified Deposits,"^ devote 

 pp. 669-684 to a consideration of the " Culmiferous Series, its Re- 

 lation to the other Formations, Structure, and Fossils." They 

 mention (p. 678) that " in Ugbrook Park, near Chudleigh [in close 

 proximity to Waddon-Barton, where the Trilobites were discovered 

 by Mr. Lee], there is a large development of Culm Sandstone as 

 coarse as Millstone-grit, and passing into a conglomerate form ; 

 over it are some beds of thin-bedded grey sandstone, not to be 

 distinguished from a Coal-measure sandstone, and containing very 

 fine vegetable impressions, among which are well-marked Calamites. 

 Indeed, through the whole of the upper group we are describing, 

 vegetable impressions, though rarely so perfect as to give anything 

 like specific characters, ai'e extremely abundant. They add, " All 

 the beds are intersected by numerous open joints, which in the 

 coarser contorted beds are very irregular in their directions. But 

 when the beds have a finer flaggy or shaly structure, the joints often 

 become parallel (especially in a direction nearly transverse to the 

 strike) so as to separate the strata into prismatic masses"^ (p. 679). 



" Among the more calcareous bands some are fossiliferous, con- 

 taining a great abundance of at least two genera of bivalve shells ; 

 one a Fosidonia" (Posidonomya Becheri, Bronn), the other of a 

 genus not ascertained, but regarded as a marine shell. " In the 

 same part of the series are Goniatites of at least two species, both 

 of which are unquestionably marine, and (according to Professor 

 Phillips) identical with Goniatites of the Yorkshire Coal-field." 



After quoting Prof. Lindley's determinations of the plants 

 (pp. 681-682), the authors conclude: " On the whole, considering 

 that the Culmiferous rocks of Devon form a distinct group, with 

 a peculiar mineral type (unlike the older groups, but nearly re- 

 sembling the Culmiferous beds of Pembrokeshire) — that they overlie 

 all the other groups, and are overlaid by no rock newer than the 

 New Red Sandstone — that, notwithstanding the paucity of fossils 

 in the black limestone (in which respect it resembles the ' Calp ' of 

 Ireland), there are in it one or two species not separable from 

 known Mountain Limestone fossils, and, finally, that the flora of 

 the Upper Culms, as far as it has been ascertained, agrees specifi- 



1 See Mr. Clement Reid's paper, Geol. Mag. 1877, Dec. II. Vol IV. p. 454-455. 

 (The Goniatites are here spoken of as Clymenia.) 



^ See Prof. Ferd. Hoemer "On the Upper Devonian Goniatite Limestone in 

 Devonshire," Geol. Mag. 1880, Dec. II. Vol. VII. pp. 145-147, PI. V. 



^ Trans. Geol. Soc. Lond. second series, vol. v. 1840 (read June 14th, 1837). 



■* This paragraph gives a very exact description of the lithological characters of 

 the beds at Waddon-lJarton by Chudleigh, containing the Culm Trilobites. 



