536 Br. II. Woodicard — Discoverij of Trilohites 



cally with the known flora of the Carboniferous period ; we think 

 we have strong direct evidence to establish our position, " that the 

 Upper Culm strata of Devon are the geological equivalent of the 

 ordinary British Coal-fields." 



1842. — Mr. E. A. C. Austen/ whose paper was read December 

 13th, 1837, describes the Culmiferous deposits of the South-east of 

 Devonshire, and particularly at Ugbrook Park, near Chudleigh, and 

 other adjacent places, and states that Prof. Sedgwick considered 

 them as a portion of the Culmiferous beds of the centre of the county 

 (p. 457). 



Mr. Austen quotes a list of the plants, and adds (pp. 461 - 2), 

 " This Flora, so far as it goes, is that of the Carboniferous period. 

 In the black limestones occur Gordatiles mixolohus, Phil., and Gonia- 

 tites crenistria, Phil., Mountain Limestone species." 



1867.— Sir Eoderick I. Murchison, in the 1867 edition of 'Siluria' 

 (p. 273), writes: — "Now, although this overlying series is in 

 mineral aspect as much unlike the Carboniferous strata of most other 

 parts of Britain as the rocks of N. Devon are unlike the ordinary 

 Old Eed Sandstone of England and Scotland, we have proofs of 

 fossils, besides the analogy with Pembrokeshire before spoken of, 

 that the black limestones of Swimbridge and Venn, etc., with Posi- 

 donomyce., do represent, on a miniature scale, a part of the Mountain 

 or Carboniferous Limestone, that the next series of white grit and 

 sandstone of Coddon Hill, etc., stands in the place of the Millstone- 

 Grit, and that the overlying courses of Culm, with many remains of 

 Plants, are consequently the equivalents of some of the lower Coal- 

 bearing strata of other tracts. In short, no one denies that in the 

 Culm series of Devonshire we have the representatives of the Lower 

 Carboniferous Strata." 



1868. — Dr. Harvey B. Holl, in his paper " On the Older Eocks 

 of South Devon and East Cornwall,"^ describes the Carbonaceous 

 Eocks or Culm-Measures very fully. He mentions the hard slates 

 at Waddon-Barton overlying the limestone, full of Ooniatites and 

 Posidonomym, above which ai'e the typical Carbonaceous Sandstones 

 quarried at Ugbrook Park. In conclusion, he refers to the memoir 

 by Sedgwick and Murchison, and adds, " It is to these avithors that 

 we are indebted for having first pointed out the true position of 

 these (Culm) rocks in the geological scale, when, by means of the 

 included plant and other fossil remains, they identified them with 

 the Coal-Measures of South Wales." 



1875.— Mr. Townshend M. Hall,* in his 'Notes on the Anthracite 

 Beds of North Devon,' writes, " In the North Devon district the 

 anthracite (Culm) is found in the Millstone-Grit, a series of beds 

 belonging to the Carboniferous formation, but of an age immediately 

 antecedent to that of the true Coal-Measures." The list of Culm- 

 plants given by Mr. Townshend Hall, however, needs revision. 



^ Trans. Geol. Soc. Lond. 1842, 4to. second series, vol. vi. " On the Geology of 

 South-east Devonshire." 

 * Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. Lond. 1868, vol. xxiv. p. 401. 

 3 Trans. Devonshire Association, 1875. 



