574 Rejjorts and Proceedings — Geological Society of London. 



rostrata ; the associated forms were Cythercea cnperafn, Trigonia 

 scabricula, Cucullcsa glabra and fibrosa, Cardium proboscideiim, JPecten 

 orbicularis and quinqueco status, Turritella gramdata, Exogyra, 

 Fhasianella, Serpula, and Siphonia. Only one species is doubtfully 

 common to the two horizons from which the fossils were procured, 

 namely, Turritella gramdata. 



The author regards the fauna of the sands, thus revealed, as ap- 

 proaching the Blackdown fauna, and the sands as the equivalent 

 beds. The absence of Pectunculus umbonatus and suhUevis might 

 serve to indicate that the sands at Black Ven were Lower Blackdown ; 

 but Cyprina cuneata, at Blackdown, characterizes a bed intermediate 

 between those containing the above two Pectuncidi. The evidence, 

 in the author's opinion, seems to show an alternation of specific 

 horizons, an inosculation due to changing littoral conditions, but 

 with a general thinuing-out to the westward, from which he con- 

 cluded that the conditions of deposition were such that it will be 

 impossible to recognize in the Cretaceous beds of the West of 

 England the subdivisions of G-ault and Upper Greensand which are 

 so well marked to the eastward. 



In conclusion, the author noticed some additions to his list of 

 Blackdown and Haldon fossils, published in the "Quarterly Journal" 

 for 1882. 



3. '•■ On Some Eecent Discoveries in the Submerged Forest of 

 Torbay." By D. Pidgeon, Esq., F.G.S. 



The submerged forest of Torbay has been described by several 

 geologists, amongst them by De la Beche, Godwin-Austen, and 

 Pengelly. The latter, who has paid particular attention to the 

 deposit, has inferred that a depression of 40 feet has taken place 

 since the forest grew, and that the growth of the forest was at a 

 period when the mammoth existed, a molar of that animal having 

 been dredged at a depth of five or sis fathoms, and having been 

 apparently derived from the forest-bed. 



The submerged forest rests upon a considerable thickness of clay, 

 evidently the soil in which the trees grew. The clay rests upon 

 Trias, a breccia of Devonian fragments intervening in places. This 

 breccia appears to be of glacial age. 



The gales of the winter of 1883-84 caused the exposure of con- 

 siderable areas of the clay between tide-marks ; and in one place, 

 resting upon the breccia, two aggregations of rolled trap pebbles 

 were found. These pebbles were shown to have probably served as 

 smelting-hearths. In their neighbourhood an ingot of copper, a 

 fragment of a second, some tin slag, a piece of glass, flint imple- 

 ments, and other articles were found, together with remains of piles 

 driven into the ground. These traces of human work apparently 

 belong to the Bronze age. In Goodrington Bay pewter vessels, 

 apparently of Eoman date, were found by the writer's son in a bed 

 ten feet below high-tide mark, or at a lower level than that of the 

 Bronze age relics. 



After referring to the occurrence of some estuarine shells (Scro- 

 bicularia, Hydrobia, Litloriaa, and Melampus) in the clay near 



