E. B. Woodward— The Bure Valley and Westkton Beds. 455 



Apton, west of Loddon. The beds consist of false-bedded pebble- 

 gravel and sand with seams of laminated micaceous sand and clay, 

 streaks of clay, and clay-balls ; altogether twenty feet and more in 

 thickness.^ Like most other formations they present a facies more 

 easily recognized than described. The sand is sometimes white, and 

 often of a bright orange-colour. 



The "Westleton Beds are to be traced northwards from Halesworth 

 to Thorpe-next-Haddiscoe, east of Loddon. Probably no one would 

 dispute this correlation. At Thorpe-next-Haddiscoe we find 15 to 

 20 feet of buff sand and shingle — dovetailing one into the other. 

 The general aspect of these Westleton Beds and of the Bure Valley 

 Beds is quite distinct. Until, however, the mapping of the area was 

 finished, I was not satisfied that the beds were on different horizons. 

 The Westleton shingle was traced in several pits in the parishes of 

 Heckingham and Norton Subcourse. Further west, at Hardley, I 

 traced this pebble-gravel in connexion with the Lower Glacial 

 brickearth, and came to the conclusion that it was the newer 

 deposit, overlying the brickearth; thus making the Westleton Beds 

 in this neighbourhood of the same age as the " Middle Glacial " 

 Sands of Messrs. Wood and Harmer. At Hardley Hall the pebble- 

 gravel was shown in a pit, underlain to the north-east by clay, 

 which I take to be the Lower Glacial brickearth, as this deposit was 

 again displayed in a pit about a mile to the west, where, in its 

 characteristic form of the " Contorted Drift " or Stony loam, it 

 rises as a boss into the overlying sand and gravel. 



At Chedgrave, again, the pebble-gravel (Westleton Beds) was 

 well exposed, passing in short distances into sand, and these beds 

 evidently overlaid the Lower Glacial brickearth, which was shown 

 in pits by the Manor House. Higher up the valley the Bure Valley 

 Beds (Norwich Crag Series) were exposed, beneath the Glacial 

 brickearth. 



Although we have not the actual sections to demonstrate the 

 succession of the beds as here maintained, the evidence obtained by 

 mapping (in the form of the ground, etc.), is sufficient to justify 

 a confident assertion that such is the structure. Only by these means 

 can minute correlation be carried on from one tract to another in 

 the variable deposits of Norfolk. The published longitudinal 

 sections of the country taken inland, it must always be remembered, 

 while clearly expressing the views of the authors, are not necessarily 

 statements of facts observed, for very seldom are pits opened deep 

 enough to furnish all the desired information.- 



The evidence in the neighbourhood of Loddon shows that the 

 pebble-gravel of Haddiscoe is Glacial, and distinct from the Bure 

 Valley Beds which are connected with the Crag. From this it may 

 be inferred that the similar beds of Halesworth, Henham, and 



1 See Memoir on the Geolo^jy of the Country around Norwich (Geol. Survey), pp. 

 85, 106. 



^ See on this subject, the remarks of Messrs. Wood and Harmer, Quart Journ. 

 Geol. Soc. vol. xxxiii. pp. 84-86, and their Section across the Ket (or Chet) Valley, 

 Ibid. p. 93. 



