Revieivs — Kinahan's Geology of Ireland. 37 



The organic remains in the Inoceramus-limestone between Vraza 

 and Ljutiobrod are, — Galerites (vulgaris ?), Ananchytes ovatus, Car- 

 diaster pihda, C. ananchytis, Inoceramus (near Crippsi and Cuvieri), 

 Terebratula (near Hebertina), Trochus, Ammonites (Harpoceras), 

 Hamites. Beneath these strata lie sandy limestones, abounding with 

 Orbitolince, resting on Bryozoan limestones. These contain Bepto- 

 multicava micropora, Geriocava subnodosa, Multicrescis Michelini, 

 etc., together with spines of Cidarites, Nucleolites (near Olfersi), 

 Terebratula, Ostrea (near Boussingaulti), Lima Tombeckiana, and 

 Serpula filiciformis. Caprotina-limestones appear farther southward. 

 The whole series reminds one of the three subdivisions of the 

 " Schratten Limestones " in the Northern Alps, resting to the south 

 on red sandstones and conglomerates. Lower Triassic red sand- 

 stones, resting on quartzite schists, and overlain by Lower Triassic 

 limestones, are amply developed between Cerepis and Obletnja. 

 Melaphyres and diorite are widespread. Granite appears at two 

 places. At one spot on the banks of the Biver Isker the Triassic 

 limestones contain Natica, Pecten Alberti, Modiola triquetra, Gervillia 

 socialis, G. mytiloides, Leda, Myophoria costata, M. laevigata, M. 

 elegans, Myoconcha gastrochama, Anoplophora (near musculoides), etc. 

 Argillaceous schists of the Carboniferous formation (Culm), crop- 

 ping out from beneath red sandstones, prevail in one part of the 

 Isker Valley, striking N. — S. Some intercalated sandstones yield 

 vegetable remains, as Archwocalamites radiatus, Gardiopteris poly- 

 morpha, Neuropteris antecedens, Stigmaria inazqualis, and Lepido- 

 dendron Veltheimianum. The Culm schists continue as far as Bonca, 

 where red conglomerates and sandstones appear again, forming the 

 narrow defile through which the Biver Isker enters the gorges of 

 the Balkan. Count M. 



REVIEWS. 



I. — Manual of the Geology of Ireland. By G. Henry Kinahan. 

 8vo., pp. 444, Map, 8 Blates, and 26 Woodcuts. (London, 

 Kegan Paul & Co., 1878.) 



UPWABDS of twelve years ago Lyell observed how increasingly 

 difficult he felt it to keep up with the progress of geology. 

 And every student of the science must continually be impressed 

 with this difficulty. The grand work of our American brethren is 

 in itself an immense study, and so important is the light it has 

 thrown on every branch of geology, that it possesses a world-wide 

 interest. But while the Geological Magazine and the Geological 

 Becord announce to us periodically what has been done, and what 

 is being done, the number of isolated works is too great, and access 

 to them often too difficult, for those who wish to glean the sum and 

 substance yielded by minute observation. 



And in the British Islands, as has been often remarked, the 

 increase in our knowledge becomes eveiy year more and more a 

 matter of local detail, supplementing and illustrating the work and 

 conclusions of those who sketched out the main features in their 



