248 Prof. C. H. Hitchcock — Glacial Period in E. America. 



through the tunnel, and in the clay near the zone of the " Cyrano, 

 bed." This, although in the same deposit, would be at a higher 

 level than that of the skull already mentioned, and, therefore, cannot 

 be supposed to have belonged to it. The deposit is rich in remains 

 of Mammalia, both of extinct and still existing species ; the teeth 

 and bones of Elephants, Oxen, Deer, and the Horse predominating ; 

 those of the Ehinoceros (three species), although frequent, are far 

 less common ; whilst the remains of Carnivora are rare. 



Whether these brick-earths are Pre-glacial, as Prof. Dawkins 

 supposes them to be, or, as more generally considered by geologists, 

 belong to a later period than the true Glacial epoch, they contain, 

 curiously commingled, the debris of animals which were respectively 

 inhabitants of temperate and of rigorous climes. The species, exclud- 

 ing the Invertebrata, whose remains are recorded as having been 

 found at Crayford, are the following : — 



Ursus ferox, Linn. 

 ,, arctos, Linn. 

 Felis spelcea, Goldf. 

 Hycena spelcea, Goldf. 

 Canis lupus, Linn. 

 Bison priscus, Ow. 

 Bos primigenius, Boj . 

 Ovibos moschalus, Blainv. 

 Megaceros Hibernicus, Ow. 



Cervus elaphus, Linn. 

 Elephas antiquus, Falc. 



,, primigenius, Blum. 

 Equus fossilis, Mey. 

 Rhinoceros tichorhinus, Cuv. 



„ leptorhinus, Ow. 



,, inegarhinus, Christ. 

 Arvicola amphibia, Desm. 

 Spermophilus erythrogenoicles, Falc. 



The fossil remains of the Musk-ox are as equally rare in the 

 Upper Tertiaries of the European continent as in England. Prof. 

 Dawkins cites three localities in France, and four in Germany, 

 where its remains have been discovered. They have also been 

 found in three places in Siberia ; and also in the frozen mud cliffs 

 of Eschscholtz Bay, on the coast of Arctic America, but nowhere 

 abundantly ; and only in one instance, and that a single tooth, " in 

 the gravel of the Oise," near Chauny, France, have the teeth, 

 previously to those here described, been found. It is assumed, on 

 account of the paucity of its remains in Europe, that it was only an 

 occasional wanderer so far south of its usual habitats. 



The distribution of the existing Musk-ox is at present limited to 

 the barren lands of Polar America, between the 60th and 83rd 

 parallels of latitude. During the late Arctic Expedition a fine bull 

 was shot near the coast of Grinnell Land, in latitude 82' 27" ; the 

 stuffed skin of which is exhibited in the National Collection. 



IV. — The Glacial Period in Eastern America. 

 By Prof. C. H. Hitchcock. 



EECENT studies of the glacial phenomena as exhibited in the 

 State of New Hampshire and adjoining regions enable us to 

 maintain the following propositions. 



1. The ice-sheet at the time of its maximum development passed 

 south-easterly over all New England, New Brunswick and Nova 

 Scotia. It came from the St. Lawrence Valley, where all the 



