252 W. A. E. Ussher — Pleistocene Geology of Cornwall. 



the following section at Market Strand, Falmouth, exposed during 

 excavations at the Landing Pier : — 



Layer of sand on a thin bed of shale, thinning out seaward ... 2ft. Oin. 

 on — Forest Bed, compact peat, flags, ferns, trees of oak, hazel, 

 fir, beech ; fir and beech most abundant ; no hazel nuts obtained 7ft. Oin. 

 The top of this bed occurred at about the level of ordinary 

 spring-tide low-water mark. Its base rested on a layer of 

 gravel 4ft. Oin. 



Mr. Whitley was informed that the forest bed extended for a short 

 distance up the valley, and that another part of it had been met with 

 in an excavation at Bar Pools. The open space before the market is 

 called " the Moor." 



8 a. Mounts Bay. Leland thus alludes to the submerged forest 

 in Mounts Bay — " In the Bay betwyxt the Mont and Pensants be 

 found near the lowe water marke Eoots of Trees yn dyvers places as 

 a token of the ground wasted." 



6. Dr. Borlase (Trans, Boy. Soc. for 1757, p. 80) noted the dis- 

 covery of roots, trunks, and branches of oak, hazel, and willow, on 

 the shores of Mounts Bay, in black marsh earth with leaves of 

 Juncus, under 10 feet of sand. 



c. Dr. Boase (T. B. G. S. Corn. vol. iii. p. 131) mentioned the oc- 

 currence of vegetable mould with roots and trunks of indigenous 

 trees, under 2 to 3 feet of sand on the west of St. Michael's Mount. 



d. Mr. Came (T. B. G. S. Corn. vol. vi. p. 230) noticed the occur- 

 rence of trees on peat, east of Penzance, the largest being an oak 

 trunk with bark on, 6 feet long and 1^ feet in diameter. 



e. He also mentioned the occurrence of a peat bed 3 to 8 feet 

 thick in the low tract between Marazion and Ludgvan (a reclaimed 

 marsh) ; it extends for 2 miles, from a little eastward of Chyandour 

 to the Marazion Biver. Near Longbridge, where it approaches the 

 surface, it is from 4 to 7 feet thick, and used for fuel ; it rests on a 

 thick bed containing Cardium edule, and is generally concealed by 

 alluvium. 



9. Mr. Henwood (40th Annual Bep. B. Inst. Corn, for 1858) 

 describes a submarine forest on Dunbar Sands in the Camel Estuary. 

 Nothing save spongy masses of peaty sand were visible in 1875, when 

 I visited the spot, the roots, etc., having been probably washed away 

 in the interim. 



10. De la Beche says that traces of submarine forests were noticed 

 at Per ran Porth, Lower St. Columb Porth, and Mawgan Porth. 

 (Beport, p. 419). No signs of them were visible on the occasion of 

 my visit. St. Columb Porth is a sand flat, at low water, between 

 cliffs not 10 feet in height, exhibiting no traces of old marine action. 

 Mawgan Porth is a similar sand flat, but broader, and terminating in 

 low sand dunes, to the south of which narrow strips of alluvium 

 border the streams. 



11. Bude. Mr. S. E. Pattison (T. B. G. S. Corn. vol. vii. p. 35) 

 noticed roots of trees of large size, apparently in situ, in dark clay, at 



• Maer Lake, near Bude Haven. 



12. Mr. Pattison also noticed large accumulations of bog timber 

 in the Fowey Valley on Bodmin Moor. At Bolventor the heads of 

 the trees pointed down the valley. 



