310 W. A. E. Ussher — Pleistocene Geology of Cormcall. 



End) and near Hayle, but that no live specimens have been found 

 in Cornwall. 



e. Near Godrevy Island, rock platforms are visible at about the 

 level of spring-tide high-water; the base of the adjacent raised beach 

 is from 4 to 5 feet above ordinary high- water. 



9. Mr. N. Whitley (25th Ann. Eep. Roy. Inst. Corn, for 1843) 

 mentions " the succession of sand hills, principally composed of com- 

 minuted shells, covering about 1,500 acres, on the north-east of 

 Perran Porth. The inland portion," he says, " being level and well 

 sheltered, might easily and profitably be reclaimed by an admixture 

 of clay with the sandy wastes, as in Norfolk, where by this means a 

 free sandy loam, forming a most productive soil, has been obtained. 

 Owing to the extent of the Perran Sands, being more heated by the 

 sun's rays than the surrounding districts, in calm weather by the 

 radiation of heat from the sand hills, it is often oppressively warm 

 at the Porth daring the early part of the night." 



10. The patch of blown sands bordering Hollywell Bay may be 

 regarded as a continuation of the Perran Sands, it is partly bounded 

 by a stream. 



11. The flattish tract between New Quay and Fistral Bay is 

 covered by blown sand. 



12. Sand dunes occur at Porth Barn, Mawgan Porth, and Porth- 

 cothan, Tregarnon, and Permizen bays ; they are very insignificant. 



13. Between Constantino and Perleze Bays a low tract is covered 

 by blown sand ; as exposed near Constantine Island (vide Raised 

 Beaches, 19 e), it is 4^ feet in thickness, and contains layers ofPatellw 

 and broken Mijtili, and occasional angular slate fragments at the base. 



14. The low tract in which St. Enodock's Church is situated is 

 composed of blown sand. 



15. In Perleze Bay, and near Port Isaac, rock platforms were 

 noticed at about ordinary high-water mark. 



General Notes. 



Wherever the area covered by the blown sands is extensive^ we 

 note that the lands generally lie low with reference to the sea or 

 relatively to the surrounding country : That the accumulation spreads 

 from west to east, and only occurs in considerable quantity in locali- 

 ties at or near the coast-line facing westwards. 



Thus, in bays where the cliffs are very low and unbroken by 

 gorges or stream channels, facing westwards and receiving the full 

 force of winds and waves of the Atlantic, the most favourable con- 

 ditions occur for a?olian transport on the Cornish coast. 



Naturally, the inland extension of the sand depends upon the 

 extent of low-lying country ; but, besides this check on its extension 

 exercised by barrier hills, running water and the growth of certain 

 plants may arrest its progress ; the former intercepts the fugitive 

 grains which seldom rise more than a few inches above the ground 

 and are suspended for a short time (De la Beche, Report, etc., p. 

 446). As to the latter, Major T. Austin (Proc. Brist. Nat. Soc, vol. 

 ii. No. 11, for Dec. 1867) gives the following plants as best suited 



