Prof. John Milne — A Cruise among the Kurile Islands. 345 



4, 5, and 6 form the next, irregular group of mountains. No. 4 

 is a truncated cone, No. 5 an irregular-shaped mountain (Rebunshiri- 

 no-bori), from which steam is being given off, No. 6 is a rough- 

 looking stony mountain with a dome-shaped top. 



No. 7 is an irregular dome-shaped mountain slightly truncated 

 (Atsusa-no-bori). When looked at in a westerly direction, it is seen 

 to be a solitary double cone. 



No. 8 is a truncated cone (Moshiri-no-bori). On the S.E. coast of 

 Iturup there are many bold cliffs surmounted by wooded slopes. 

 On Iturup there is one small harbour on the S.E. coast. And on the 

 N.W. several small settlements. Near Cape Ikabanots there are 

 also two peaks, the most northern of which is called Chiritsubo- 

 no-bori. 



Kunasliiri Island. — This island is separated from Yezo by a 

 channel about 8 miles wide ; it is about 65 miles long and 12 miles 

 broad. Near its northern end a conspicuous mountain rises up, which 

 is known as Chacha-no-bori. This mountain shows two distinct cones, 

 the upper one of these is sharp and pointed, and rises above the trun- 

 cated summit of the lower one, which sweeps in a beautiful curve 

 down to the plain beneath. This mountain is easily recognized by its 

 superior height standing up black and sharp above all that surrounds 

 it. The crater, forming the summit of the lower cone out of which 

 the upper cone springs, is said to be filled with water, forming a 

 crater lake, from which the upper cone rises like an island. For 

 this reason the summit of the mountain is said to be inaccessible. 

 Near the base of this mountain, which yet gives off a little steam, 

 and contains deposits of sulphur, there are many hot springs. 



Further south there are Suisaikenobori and Stara-na-bori, Louso- 

 yama, and Shimanobori. Of these Lousoyama, which, when viewed 

 in an E.S.E. direction, shows a truncated cone, yields sulphur, and 

 still gives off steam. 



At the extreme S.W. is Tatshinouse-nabori, which, when looked at 

 in a N.E. direction, shows on its left side the volcanic curve. This 

 end of the island is bounded by low greyish white cliffs. 



Skotan Island or Spauberg. — This island lies about 40 miles from 

 the S.E. coast of Kunashiri. It is nearly circular in form, having 

 a diameter of about 5 miles. At a distance, when looking in a 

 southerly direction, it appears to be rugged, and not to have any 

 distinct peak, although the -'China Pilot" says that from the centre 

 there is a mountain which is even and uniform to its summit. 



Itashibai Bock, Paraku Island, Shibrton Island, Mushirika Island, 

 Hamkaru Kotan Island, Akiro Island, Sisio Island, Moyurure Island. 

 — These are flat rock-bound islets lying to the S.W. of Skotan, and 

 between it and Yezo. Looked at from a distance, they appear like a 

 broad black line drawn upon the horizon. From the outliers which 

 they throw off towards each other, and also towards the adjacent 

 mainland, which in all respects resembles them (being flat, and with 

 a slope of 20 or 30 feet down to the shore), it is probable that not 

 only were these islands at one time continuous amongst themselves, 

 but were also at the same time united to the N.E. end of Yezo. 



