380 Reports and Proceedings — 



The beds below tbe 1st Till were not described: tbe 1st and 2nd 

 Tills were considered to have been formed by land-ice coming from the 

 W. or W.N.W. ; while tbe Intermediate Beds appear to be stratified 

 glacier-mud deposited on the retreat of the ice. The Sands are probably 

 marine, and so also appear to be tbe Contorted Drift and Middle Glacial. 

 Glacial Beds later than tbe Chalky Boulder-clay appear to be represented 

 near Cromer by valley-deposits which were not treated of in this paper. 

 In dealing with the question of the age and mode of formation of 

 the contortions, the author pointed out that all, with the doubtful 

 exception of a few of the smaller ones, affected not only the Contorted 

 Drift, but also the Middle Glacial ; while, at the same time, contortions 

 affecting the overlying beds were often much more complicated at the 

 base, and rested on an even, undisturbed surface of the Preglacial beds. 

 This he accounted for by considering the contortions to be formed by 

 an advancing ice-sheet, which pushed before it a mound of the older 

 glacial beds, while the beds below the level of the base of the ice were 

 undisturbed ; thus the junction of the contorted and uncontorted beds 

 is a horizontal fault-line. The ice-sheet he referred to the period of 

 the Chalky Boulder-clay. The author drew attention to the fact that 

 the hollows in which the Middle Glacial gravels rest are in every 

 instance due to contortion and not to erosion. The large masses of 

 Chalk in Boulder-clay were considered to have been torn off by the 

 same force that produced the contortions. 



11. " On a Disturbance of the Chalk at Trowse, near Norwich." By 

 Horace B. Woodward, Esq., F.G.S. 



Attention was drawn to a section at Trowse, where the Chalk with 

 bands of flint was uplifted at an angle of about 37°. Abutting against 

 the Chalk was a mass of the same rock rearranged, containing broken 

 flints, and pebbles of flint, quartz, and quartzite. This rearranged 

 Chalk was traced underneath the uplifted beds ; and the author gave 

 reasons for believing that the disturbance was produced by the agent 

 (land-ice) which formed the Chalky Boulder-clay. Allusion was made 

 to many cases of glaciated Chalk in Norfolk, and to the cervine and 

 other organic remains occasionally met with in it. Comparing the 

 Trowse section with that at Litcham, described by Mr. S. V. Wood, 

 Jun., the author came to the conclusion that this was a similar and 

 striking instance of the incipient formation of a huge Chalk boulder, 

 serving to throw light on the origin of the large transported masses seen 

 in the Cromer Cliffs. 



12. "The Submerged Forest of Barnstaple Bay." By Townshend 

 M. Hall, Esq., F.G.S. 



Traces of an old forest-bed exist in many places beneath the Braunton 

 Burrows, on the shore of Barnstaple Bay. Some good sections were 

 exposed near Westward Ho after the winter of 1863-4 owing to an 

 inroad of the sea, trees being found in the position of growth. They 

 were mostly oak, and a few pine or fir, with an undergrowth of hazel, 

 with probably Betula nana, and with moss and leaves of an Iris. 

 The author gives details of the sections of kitchen-midden deposits 

 with flint-flakes and cores, pointed stakes, split bones, etc. Bones of 

 the red deer, roebuck, goat, hog, wolf, and Bos longifrons have been 

 found associated with the peat. 



