386 Dr. H. Woodward — On Fossil Shells from Sumatra. 



1. Spirifera glabra, Martin, sp., 1809. PL X. Fig. 1. 



This very variable and widely distributed species is amply illus- 

 trated in Mr. Davidson's great work on " British Fossil Brachiopoda," 

 vol. ii. Permian and Carboniferous species (1858-63), pp. 59-62, 

 pi. xi. and xii. The following description of the species is given by 

 Mr. Davidson in bis Palaaontographical Monograph above cited : — 

 " Transversely oval, rarely as long as or longer than wide. Yalves 

 almost equally convex, with a mesial elevation or fold in the dorsal, 

 and a sinus in the ventral valve. Hinge-line much shorter than the 

 greatest width of the shell; cardinal angles rounded ; beaks rather 

 approximate, that of the larger or ventral valve pi-oruinent, incurved, 

 and of moderate dimensions. A hinge area in the dorsal valve, that 

 of the ventral one triangular or of moderate dimensions, with its 

 lateral margins more or less sharply defined ; fissure partially covered 

 by a pseudo-deltidium. The mesial fold in the dorsal valve is either 

 slightly and evenly convex rising gradually from the lateral portions 

 of the valve, or abruptly elevated, with a longitudinal depression 

 along its middle, which is also at times reproduced in the sinus of 

 the ventral one. The spiral appendages are large, and occupy the 

 greater portion of the interior of the shell. Surface of valves in 

 general smooth, but sometimes a few obscure rounded ribs may be 

 observed on their lateral portions." 



The largest of our Sumatran specimens (that figured in PI. X. 

 Fig. 1) accords most nearly with Mr. Davidson's fig. 8, pl. xi., 

 but is broader in proportion to its length ; being 19 lines in length 

 and 24 lines in width. The surface of the shell is smooth. One 

 specimen sent exposes the interior of the ventral valve and exhibits 

 evidence of the spiral appendages. 



Distribution : — Spirifera glabra has an extremely wide distribution, 

 being recorded from Britain, Ireland, Belgium, France, Bussia, 

 America, Australia, and Sumatra. 



[For the identification of this and the following Carboniferous 

 forms, I am indebted to my colleague Mr. E. Etheridge, jun., F.G.S., 

 who has paid special attention to the fauna of the Carboniferous 

 epoch.] 



2. Productus undatus, Defrance, 1826. PI. X. Fig. 2. 

 Davidson, Brit. Carb. Brach. (Pal. Soc. Mom), 1861, Pt. V. p. 



161, pl. xxxiv. figs. 7-13. 

 The following specific characters are given by Mr. Davidson : — 

 "Shell somewhat sub-orbicular or slightly transverse, hinge-line 

 rather less than the width of the shell. Ventral valve regularly 

 vaulted, very convex, without sinus ; beak small, rounded, incurved, 

 not extending much beyond the hinge-line ; auriculate expansions 

 small. Surface covered with numerous irregular or interrupted sub- 

 parallel, undulating, concentric folds or wrinkles, which become 

 wider and more produced with age and having their narrow, almost 

 perpendicular, side directed towards the beak ; the valve is, moreover, 

 ornamented by numerous minute, rounded, thread-like striae, 

 separated by narrow sulci, and of which from five to six may be 



