Ammonites of the Mediterranean and Juvavian Trias. 463 



Sagenites. Generic type, Dist. Celticus, Mojs. Only a few species, 

 such as Dist. pseudo-aries, Hau., and Dist. Harpalus, Dtni., are as yet 

 described. 



Ceratitid.3:. 



This family appears first in the Permians, and reaches, under 

 manifold modifications of form, upwards into the Lower Carnian 

 deposits. The Indian and Armenian forms, described by MM. 

 Koninck, Waagen, and Abich, stand in evident contrast with those 

 typical of our " Werfen" beds, and of our Muschelkalk. The Tirolites 

 from the Werfen beds represent a far lower stage of development 

 than those of India and Armenia, so that, were the age of the 

 deposits in which they appear not sufficiently ascertained, they 

 might be regarded as having belonged to a far remoter period. The 

 types of the Asiatic Permian forms reach far upwards into the Trias, 

 as proved by Hungarites scaphitiformis, Hau., a sporadic "colonist" in 

 the Norian Hallstatt Limestones, nearly resembling Ceratites tropitus, 

 Abich, in its outward form, as in the details of its lobe-line. MM. 

 Griinewaldt and Karpinsky have described two species from the 

 Artinsk Sandstones: Goniatites Artiensis and Sageceras Sakmarce, 

 whose lobes are still unknown, but whose form and sculpture strongly 

 remind us of the typical forms of Trachyceras from the Norian and 

 Carnian horizons. 



Tirolites. — The typical forms are : Tir. Idrianus, Hauer, Tir. 

 Dalmatinus, Hau., and Tir. Muchianus, Hau. The genus is character- 

 ized by a simple lobe-line, with entire margin, as that of Nautilus. 

 The non-dentated, large, lateral lobe is followed by a broad and flat 

 saddle, sinking gradually with a slightly undulated bend towards 

 the suture. Another lateral lobe is but slightly marked. The pro- 

 jection of the preceding coincides with the large lateral saddle. In 

 the group of Tir. Cassianus, these forms are associated with some 

 others having an incipient denticulation of the lobes and distinct 

 second lateral lobe. The convex portion is smooth, or somewhat 

 flattened ; the sides are smooth, or covered with straight radially dis- 

 posed folds, frequently ending in strong hollow spines on the margin 

 of the convex portion. Tirolites is chiefly developed in the Alpine 

 "Werfen" strata. After along interval of time, the genus re-appears, 

 again isolatedly, in the genuine "St.-Cassian" strata (Tirolites spurius, 

 Mstr.= Clydonites Friesei, Laube, non Mstr.), and another, as yet un- 

 named form, belonging to the series of Ammonites Cassianus. 



Ceratites, de Haan (Haaniceras, Bayle (?), Gymnotoceras, Hyatt). 

 — Besides Ceratites Liccanus, Hauer (very nearly allied to the 

 Siberian species Cerat. Middendorfi, Keys.), another species, standing 

 next to the group of Tirolites Cassianus, is met with in the 

 "Werfen" strata. The same affinity appears in Cerat. Smiriagini, 

 Auerbach, and in Ceratites Bogdoanus, Buch, both from the Bogdo 

 Hills in the Steppe of Astrachan. In some of these transitional forms 

 (Cerat. Liccanus, Cerat. Smiriagini) the second lateral saddle is 

 wanting, so that the projection of the precedent whorls falls on the 

 umbilical side of the large lateral saddle. A Siberian form, differing 

 from Cerat. Eichwaldi, Keys., by its rounded and smooth convex 



