Brief Abstracts of Geological Papers. 73 



■with a note of the fossils that have been found in them, followed by 

 a short " Synopsis of the Fossil Fauna." 



Hutchinson, P. 0. Submerged Forest and Mammoth Teeth at Sid- 

 mouth. Trans. Devon. Assoc, vol. vi. part i. pp. 232-235. 

 In the winter of 1872 reefs of rocks and beds of clay that had not 

 been seen for many years were laid bare on the coast at Sidmouth. 

 In the alternations of clay and gravel shown there were stumps of 

 trees, which must have grown in their present positions when the 

 land was at a higher level than now, as they are about eight feet 

 below high- water. 



LiNFOBD, W. On Quarries at Beer, in Devonshire, and some of 

 their Fossils. Trans. Edin. Geol. Soc, vol. ii. part ii. pp. 

 181-184 (and p. 190). 

 Of these quarries, three are subterranean and one open. The 

 section of the last is given as follows : — Layers of chalk, layers of 

 sandstone, layers of freestone, and a coarse sandstone, which pro- 

 bably rests on greensand. All the beds belong to the Chalk, and 

 are mostly fossiliferous. In the upper part of the Chalk with flints, 

 a few pebbles and one small boulder have been found. The free- 

 . stone is much used for building. 



Parfitt, E. Annelids versus Eaindrops. Trans. Devon. Assoc, vol. 

 vi. part i. pp. 107-110. 

 This is a rejoinder to a paper by Mr. T. M. Hall, wherein certain 

 markings on some North Devon rocks were referred to the action of 

 rain, or rather of drifting sand, during their deposition. The author 

 argues that these markings are those of worms, from the facts that 

 the impressions are i^a different directions, whilst if they had been 

 caused by a shower they would have been in one direction ; and that 

 they occur in the rocks to a vertical depth of at least thirty feet, 

 which, on the raindrop theory, would need a storm lasting for very 

 many years. 



Pengelly, W. (1) The Ossiferous Caverns and Fissures in the 

 •Neighbourhood of Chudleigh, Devonshire. (2) The Liter- 

 ature of the Cavern at Ansty's Cove, near Torquay, Devon- 

 shire. (3) The Literature of the Caverns at Buckfastleigh, 

 Devonshire. Trans. Devon. Assoc, vol. vi. part i. pp. 46-72. 

 These papers, the continuation of a series on Devonshire Caverns, 

 give a full account of what has been written on those in question, 

 with explanatory remarks by the author. The first two caverns are 

 ossiferous, but those at Buckfastleigh are not. 



Pengelly, W. The Granite Boulder on the Shore of Barnstaple 

 Bay, North Devon. Trans. Devon. Assoc, vol. vi. part i. pp. 

 211-222. 

 The author first notices what has been vio-itten on this boulder 

 (a block that weighs over ten tons), and then considers the ques- 

 tions that it suggests. (1) As to its origin, which he concludes may 

 be from the west of England, or may be from the north. (2) As to 

 its transportation, which it is argued must have been brought about 

 by ice-action. (3) As to its age, which must be far removed from 



