154 T. Davidson — On Tertiary/ Brachiopoda. 



in great abundance in the Middle Miocene at Grangia, Termo, and 

 other places in the Hill of Turin, I felt at a loss (as I still do) to 

 perceive any marked characters by which the Belgian Eocene shell 

 can be distinguished from the Turin Miocene one. Later I also de- 

 termined that the C. Soeninghausi was the same species as the 

 Crania ahnormis, Defrance, from the Faluns of Terrenegre near 

 Bordeaux.! 



In the mean time several Belgian Palaeontologists, from finding 

 the upper valve of the Crania under description, associated in the 

 same bed and locality (but not in juxtaposition), with numerous 

 specimens of the " Pileopsis variabilis" of Galeotti ^ (PL VII. Figs. 

 8, 9), thought that this Gasteropod must be the attached valve of the 

 Crania we now designate as C. Nysti. Much to my regret, I felt 

 myself obliged to dissent in this particular from the view enter- 

 tained by my eminent Belgian friends, for a glance at the Pileopsis 

 variabilis of Galeotti will show that the shell in question possesses 

 none of the characters belonging to the attached valve of any known 

 species of Crania. Instead of the characteristic muscular scars of 

 the genus, we find the crescent-shaped or horseshoe-shaped muscular 

 impression, corresponding to that of the adductor muscle, so well 

 exhibited in all the recent and fossil genera composing the Family of 

 Calyptreeidge. That Galeotti was right in placing his shell in 

 Pileopsis or in Hipponyx is another question. The Eocene fossil 

 may possess characters necessitating for its reception the creation of 

 a new generic designation. All I contend for is, that it is not a 

 Brachiopod, and in this view I am supported both by Mr. J. G. 

 Jefireys and Mr. Etheridge. Having submitted specimens to Dr. 

 Carpenter, he writes — " I have carefully examined your two shells, 

 and quite agree with you that the Pileopsis variabilis is not the 

 attached valve of a Crania, as it does not present the least resem- 

 blance in microscopic structure to the shell of that Brachiopod." 



As we are not yet acquainted with the attached valve of the 

 Eocene Crania, and as it has attained larger dimensions than any 

 specimens of C. abnormis with which I am acquainted, and as it is 

 not the Crania (Pileopsis) variabilis of Galeotti,^ and lastly as M. 

 Nyst is of so decided an opinion that it is not the same as the Turin 

 shell, I propose to give it the name of C. Nysti. I have also ob- 

 served that a great number of the specimens of this Crania from 

 Dieghem have a worn appearance, and may, perhaps, have lived 

 at some distance from the locality or rock in which they are now 

 imbedded, and which will account for no specimens of the attached 

 valve having been hitherto disco-vered. 



1 Geol. Mag. Vol. VII. Oct. 1870. 



2 Memoir sur la Constitution Geognostiqiie de la province de Brabant, p. 149. 

 Academie de Bruxelles, vol. xii. pi. iii. fig. 8, a, b, c. 1833. 



3 Pileopsis variabilis, Galeotti. Memoir sur la Constitution Geognostique de la 

 province de Brabant, p. 149, pi. iii. fig. 8, a, b, c, publisbed in the Memoirs de I'Acad. 

 de Belgique, vol. xii. 1833. "Testa irregulari, variabili, flexuosa, basi sinuosa varia- 

 bilique." " Loc. Celle jolie espece se trouve dans les sables pr^s de Melsbrooch, et a 

 Torest ?" 



