194 Rev. M. H. Close — The Shell-heanng Gravels near Dublin. 



an elevation of about 1100 feet, for some distance ; and spreads 

 thinly over tlie hill-spur, marked on the map 1103 feet. 



Shells at Ballyedmondufi", 1000 feet. — Trophon muricatus C, 

 Fusus ? (part of columella), Turritella communis CN, Ostrea edulis C, 

 Pecten (two species), Cardium edule, C. ecMnalum, Astarte compressa 

 CN, A. elliptlca ON, A. sulcata CN, Cyprina Islandica CN, Artemis 

 lincta CN, Venus striatida, V. casina C, Lutraria elliptica, Mactra 

 stultorum ?, Tellina ?, Mya triincata ? CN, Pholas crispata G, Balanus 

 balanoides CN, Small shell-boring Annelid (perforations of). 



The species, as also those named below, were determined by Mr. 

 W. H. Baily and Dr. Carte. Those marked C are characteristic of 

 the Celtic province of marine fauna (Venus casina is thus marked, 

 although occurring exceptionally in the Mediterranean; as Edward 

 Forbes believed it must have attained access thereto during the 

 Grlacial submergence). Those distinguished with CN are charac- 

 teristic of Celtic and Northern European seas ; or of the northern 

 part of the Celtic area. 



The remains of the house called Caldbeck Castle stand westward 

 of the Three Eocks, on the col above Ticknock, which connects 

 Kilmashogue Mountain with the rest of the said hill mass. About 

 one furlong S. of the ruins is a pit, in clean gravel and sand, at the 

 elevation of a little over 1,200 feet (slightly higher than the shell- 

 bearing gravels near Macclesfield, described by Mr. R. D. Darbi- 

 shire, JF.G.S.,^ Memoirs of Lit. and Phil. Soc. Manchester, vol. iii. 

 1868), which has yielded the following species. 



Shells near Caldbeck Castle, 1200 feet. — Fiisus ? (part of colu- 

 mella), Cai-dium echinatiim, Cyprina Islandica CN, Venus striatida, 

 V. casina ? C, Mactra stultorum, Small shell-boring Annelid (perfora- 

 tions of). 



A little below, towai-ds the S.W., in the bosom between the 

 Kilmashogue and Tibradden hill spurs, Cyprina Islandica and other 

 shell fragments can be found near the stream, at just 1000 feet. 

 In the Killakee valley running up between Tibradden Hill and 

 Killakee there is an immense irregular accumulation of Drift. In 

 two gravel-pits near the wood where the Ballybrack road enters 

 that valley, and at the height of 850 feet, were found, among other 

 shell fragments, portions of Cyprina Islandica and Cardium echinatum. 

 And near the head of that valley, beside the road, among some trees, 

 and not far from where the military road passes, at the height of 

 just 1200 feet, there is a pit which yielded a few fragments, of 

 which only Cyprina Islandica and Astarte elliptica are recognizable. 

 And finally, a little below, and S.E. of, the summit of Montpelier 

 Hill, at the elevation of a little over 1200 feet, there is a long-dis- 

 used and much grass-grown gravel-pit, in which one indeterminable 

 shell fragment was found. This pit is four and a half miles from 

 that first mentioned. 



It is to be observed that, though all the above individual species 

 live now in the neighbouring seas, yet, as a group, they present a 

 rather more boreal fades than those of the present coasts, and than 



1 See Geol. Mag., 1865, Vol. II. p. 293, with taWe of shells. 



