Notices of Memoirs— E. Tietze — Geology of the Karst. 321 



From several shafts, not over 100 feet deep, as much as 3,000 

 cwt. of mineral oil have been taken. Volatile gases are a danger in 

 sinking shafts ; a spark struck from the tool will sometimes cause an 

 explosion with fatal results, and cause the sinking to be abandoned : 

 the gas is described as sometimes issuing from the pores of permeable 

 sandstone with a loud hissing sound. In Middle Galicia, the most 

 important locality for mineral oil is the neighbourhood of Dukla and 

 Eopianka. Here 150 shafts have been sunk, and the yearly produce 

 is about 20,000 cwt. The Eopianka oil appears of a dark-green 

 colour, or by transmitted light brownish-red ; its specific graA^ity is 

 0-81 to 0-83 ; it contains paraffin. From one bore-hole of about 300 

 feet deep, as much as 4,000 cwt. were obtained. The American 

 system of rope-boring seems to be much used, but it is said to be 

 useless for anything over 500 feet. Different qualities of oil — 

 differing in composition — may occur in the same shaft, showing 

 that there must be several sources, met with at different levels it 

 may be, not in connexion with one another. 



The place of largest production in Galicia is Boreslaw, where in 

 all 6,000 shafts have been sunk, mostly shallow ones, 98 feet to 180 

 feet, from which 90,000 cwt. of oil and 45,000 cwt. of hydrocarbon 

 of a waxy consistence have been taken. The total amount raised 

 in Galicia in the last few years is estimated at 300,000 cwt., and its 

 value, when refined, at £300,000. The author recommends that the 

 State should undertake certain deep borings, as they seem to have 

 done in the Coal-districts of Upper Silesia and Bohemia, with results 

 very favourable to the prosperity of large districts. He thinks that 

 the oil industry would be very largety increased thereby. At present 

 the native supply is not sufficient for the wants of the population, 

 and American petroleum is therefore imported. E. B. T. 



3. — Geologisohe Daestellung dee. Gegend zwischen Carlstalt 



IN CrOATIEN UND DEM NoRDLICHEN TheIL DES CaNALS DBR MoB- 



LACCA. By E. Tietze. Jahrbuch der h. Jc, Geologischen BeicJisan- 

 stalt, Jahrgang 1873, Band xxiii. No. 1, pp. 27-70. 



THE author of this report was commissioned to examine the above 

 district at the instance of the military authorities in charge of the 

 frontier, who exjoerienced the greatest inconvenience from the great 

 dearth of water in the district. This sketch does not extend over 

 the whole of the "Karst," or that Limestone and Dolomite range 

 which extends from Carinthia and Istria, through Western Croatia, 

 Dalmatia, and Albania, to Greece, on the eastern shore of the Adriatic ; 

 but it deals with a small piece of its length, but of the full breadth, 

 taken out of the middle. The Croatian " Karst " is, sj)eaking 

 broadly, a grand saddle in a N.W. and S.E. direction of Triassio 

 rooks, accompanied with Cretaceous beds on the flanks, and including 

 many minor undulations. Similar petrological character and scarcity 

 of fossils make it frequently impossible to distinguish the ages of the 

 various Dolomites. 



The oldest beds in the district are some dark-grey, reddish, 'Or 

 violet Dolomites near Ogulin ; they are sandy and very tough beds, 



DECADE II. — YOL. I. — NO. VII. 21 



