322 Notices of Memoirs — E. Tietze — Geology of the Karst. 



and gave much trouble to engineers of tunnels on the railway. 

 They are probably of " Wellenkalk " (Muschelkalk) age. Above 

 these are black limestones, in which no fossils have been found, but 

 which represent probably a higher stage in the Muschelkalk. As 

 far as appearance goes, these are said to be easily mistakable for 

 Lias or certain Cretaceous beds. Other grey or whitish thick lime- 

 stones, forming the tops of many mountains, and even ranges, are 

 referred to the Upper Trias ; there is often a dolomitic breccia at the 

 base of these. The Dolomites on the coast near Zengg have been 

 referred by Stoliczka to the Cretaceous, but by Foetterle to the Trias. 

 The Foraminifera, which the former thought he had found, are said 

 by Fr. von Hauer to be too dubious. The present author, in the 

 absence of fossils, is unable to decide definitely between the views 

 of his predecessors ; but he inclines to consider them Trias. In the 

 neighbourhood of Zengg is some porphyrifcic Diorite, which may 

 probably be of Triassic age. 



The Lias has been known for some length of time to occur near 

 Carlstalt; the fossils from here, determined by Schloenbach, were 

 Upper Lias forms, Ammonites hifrons, etc. No fossils of other Lias 

 horizons have yet been found in this locality. 



Other beds, viz. those at the summit of the Stallak and Vinica, 

 have been referred provisionally to the Jurassic, but no fossils have 

 been found in either case. 



The Cretaceous beds occur chiefly on the eastern side of the saddle. 

 Near Ogulin were found Badiolites abundantly, with Pecten, Nerincea, 

 etc. ; again near Carlstalt, small Caprotince. Petrologically these 

 differ from the Triassic limestones generally in being less tough. 



The next higher beds are the Nummulitic — whitish-yellow lime- 

 stones. Brown and greenish sandstones of the Upper Eocene fill 

 up the middle of the valley, the fruitfulness of which soil is in 

 strong contrast to the barrenness of the surrounding districts. 



Near Bribir occurs some Lignite in the latest Tertiary or Quater- 

 nary beds. Mastodon angustidens (Cuv.), Tapirus prisciis (Kaup), 

 and Cervus sp., were described from here by Homes in 1848. 



There remains still the characteristic " terra rossa," or red loam, 

 the origin of which has given rise to discussion. Our author is 

 opposed to its being considered a marine formation, and he notices 

 that it does not occur in the sandstone districts — it seems to be con- 

 nected with the limestone. As yet no fossil remains have been 

 found in it. He connects it with the hollowing out of the caverns, 

 and refers its formation to the latest Tertiary period immediately 

 before the Glacial epoch. 



With respect to the hydrographic relations of the district, the case 

 seems simply this :— the limestone is so cut up by clefts and cavities 

 that no rain can give rise to a system of streams, it all disappears 

 through the rock-fissures which communicate below ground. The 

 subterranean erosion must be immense. Near Ogulin the E. Dobra 

 disappears below ground, but further east, near Popovosello, the 

 other side of the mountain, it emerges again into daylight. This is 

 similar to the disappearance of the E. Poik in the Adelsbex-g cavern 



