Rev. J. F. Blake — On the Red Chalk in Yorkshire. 363 



the base, at Hunstanton, numerous Ammonites Deshayesi, which he 

 also finds in the uppermost bed of the Speeton Clay. Mr. De Eance 

 however,' records the same Ammonite as characteristic of the lowest 

 beds of the Gault of Folkstone, where also it is associated with 

 pebbly beds. 



Eemembering these facts, I think the following section, as seen in 

 a plantation near Givendale Church, is of interest. 



Section seen near Givendale Cliureh, Ripon, W. R. of Yorkshire. 

 1, "Wliite Chalk. 2. Red Chalk. 3. Conglomerate, 4. Variegated Sandstone. 



In Bed 2, in a matrix of undoubted Eed Chalk, I found a charac- 

 teristic specimen of Am. Deshayesi. The conglomerate is of smooth 

 rounded black stones enveloped in a rather sandy matrix, contami- 

 nated apparently with Red Chalk, and the sandstones below are 

 soft, and not unlike the carstones of Hunstanton. The section, how- 

 ever, is so small, and the sands unfossiliferous, that it cannot be 

 certain whether or not these sands belong to the Middle Oolite. I 

 think not, however ; for though there are sands of that age in the 

 district, they are not like this in appearance. 



A little further north of the above is another interesting spot — 

 though no clear section is exposed — in Garrowby Park. Beneath a 

 clump of trees towards the head of the vale in which the house stands 

 is a considerable thickness of Red Chalk, containing Terebratula 

 capillata, T. biplicata, T. semiglobosa, Iiwceramus sp., Belemnites 

 minimus, etc., and at a little lower level are great blocks of con- 

 glomerate with sandy matrix, and below that a sand-pit. Here again 

 the sand may belong to the Oolite, but the conglomerate which has 

 now become an important rock must be associated with the Red 

 Chalk. Hard gritty sandstone similar to the matrix of the con- 

 glomerate is also seen in neighbouring hill-sides, but not where the 

 Red Chalk is at a distance. In a narrow gorge east of Kirby Under- 

 dale the Red Chalk is underlaid by some thickness of a very coarse 

 gritty sandstone, which would be loose sand but for the binding 

 action of iron, the oxide of which runs in fibres in all directions, 

 and covers every grain. This deposit, too, seems to be quite local, 

 and cannot be matched among the Oolites of the neighbourhood. 



We have thus associated with the Red Chalk thi-ee different 

 varieties of conglomeratic beds, passing into or being themselves 

 more or less sandstones, which are not found in Oolitic rocks remote 

 from the Chalk. It is worth consideration, therefore, whether they 

 are not scattered patches of deposits formed in the irregularities of 



1 Geol. Mag. Vol. V. p. 169. 



