Note on Rhinoceros leptorhinus, Owen. 399 



pended on for determining distinctions. So, also, the U. elatus of 

 Croizet, and the B. mesotropus of Aymard, found in Auvergne, are 

 not distinct species. I have examined the chief collections in 

 Auvergne. The specimens in M. Pichot's collection and in the 

 Museum of Le Puy are mainly B. Etruscus, while the B. mesotropus 

 of Aymard comprises both B. leptorhinus and B. antiquitatis. 

 The four species may be classified as follows : — 

 PLIOCENE. I. No bony nasal septum. 



1. Rhinoceros leptorhinus {G\V!\ev, pro pa7'te). 

 Syn. R. megarhinus of Christol. 



II. Partial bony septum. 



2. Rhinoceros Etruscus, Falconer. 



Syn. R leptorhinus (Cuvier, pro parte). 



3. Rhinoceros hemitoechus. Falconer. 

 Syn. R. leptorhinus (Owen, pro parte) . 



POST-PLIOCENE. III. Complete bony septum. 



4. Rhinoceros antiquitatis, Blumenbach. 

 Syn. R. tichorhimis, Fischer and Cuvier. 



"1. BJiinoceros leptorhinus. — This is the original and typical 

 Bhinoceros leptorhinus of Cuvier, founded on Cortesi's Monte Zago 

 cranium. It is the species described by Christol as B. megarhinus, 

 and is the only Pliocene or Post-Pliocene European species that had 

 not a nasal septum. 



" To this belongs the celebrated Cortesi cranium in the Museum 

 at Milan, which I have carefully examined. With this species also I 

 have identified the Rhinoceros remains found in the Sub-Apennine 

 beds of Piacenza, in the Val d'Arno upper beds, at Montpellier and 

 Lyons, and at Grays Thurrocks, in Essex. The Rhinoceros, how- 

 ever, found in the Elephant-bed of the Norfolk coast is different. 



" 2. Bhinoceros Etruscus. — This species, like the following, had an 

 incomplete bony nasal septum, but it had a comparatively slight and 

 slender form. It is met with along with Elephas [Loxodon) meri- 

 dionalis and Mastodon Arvernensis. in the lower beds of the Yal d'Arno, 

 and in the ' Submarine Forest Bed,' or superimposed blue clays of 

 the Norfolk Coast, immediately underlying the Boulder-clay ; but as 

 yet it has been found in none of the ossiferous caves of Britain. 

 With this species, also, I have identified the remains of a Rhinoceros 

 submitted to me by Professor Ansted, which were found a few miles 

 from Malaga, in white marl overlying Pliocene blue clay abounding 

 with shells. 



" 3. Bhinoceros hemitoechns. — This species has been described by 

 Professor Owen as B. leptorhinus. It has the nasal septum incom- 

 plete in the centre, and it differs from B. antiquitatis (B. tichorhimis) 

 in other cranial characters, as well as in those of the teeth. I am 

 satisfied on this point, after examining the entire dentition of both 

 young and old animals. Bhinoceros hemitoechns accompanies Elephas 

 antiquus in most of the oldest British bone-caves, such as Cefn, 

 Durdham Down, Minchin Hole, and other Gower Caverns. It is 

 also found at Clacton in Essex, and in certain beds in Northampton- 

 shire. It is also met with in Italy. 



"From some of these localities entire skulls and a great portion 

 of the skeleton have been obtained. 



