66 C. E. De Ranee — Mineral Veins in the North-west Country. 



2. The steeper the mountain slope, the less the water under it; 

 the smaller the inclination, the more the water. 



3. The freeness of circulation of water near the surface is directly 

 proportional to the amount of inclination of beds, faults, joints, or 

 veins towards the sides of a hill and vice versd. 



4. The greater the number of veins, faults, intersecting large 

 lodes, etc., the greater the circulation, especially when corresponding 

 to the dip of the strata, and therefore the greater chance of the lode 

 to which they run being ore-bearing. 



Having seen the truth of these laws as applied to lead in Alston 

 Moor, I have felt much interest in endeavouring to find out how far 

 they appear to apply to the occurrence of other metals and of 

 lead in other districts. 



The Eoddlesworth lode, being at the bottom of the valley, away 

 from the watershed, is favourable by "Law 1." ^ The slope is rather 

 steep, which is slightly unfavourable by "Law 2." The dip is 

 outwards, which is strongly unfavourable by "Law 3," and there 

 are no tributary joints, lodes, or faults, which conditions are so 

 unfavourable, as to lead to the idea either that these laws were 

 inoperative, or that the lode was filled with lead before the valley 

 was formed, and when the fault held back all the water falling 

 on the ground to the west, which, percolating into the strata, would 

 be tolerably favourable conditions for the deposition of lead, pre- 

 suming it to be present, in the rock above, in a disseminated state. 



On the south-west side of the same tract of country, east of 

 Chorley, lead ores were formerly worked in a deep valley, on the 

 western escarpment of Anglezark Moor, between White and Black 

 Coppice. One of these old lines of pits is a W.S.W. lode, near 

 Coppice Stile House, in beds of the basement-bed of the Millstone- 

 grit, its eastern extension being cut off by a fault ranging N. 30 E., 

 nearly parallel to which runs another short lead lode. Here the 

 slope of the ground and the beds is towards the lode.'' 



A little further south, at Stronstrey Bank, there are several 

 shafts in the Kinderscout-grit, from which sulphuret of lead, blende, 

 and copper pyrites have been procured, and in one of which carbon- 

 ate of baryta was first discovered by Dr. Withering, after whom 

 it was named.^ 



At several points along the same line of country are east and west 

 faults, at Thievley, four miles S.S.E. of Burnley, and 12 miles to the 

 N.E. of the sections at Anglezark Moor, with a northerly downthrow 

 of 340 yards, throwing the rough rock of the Millstone-grit, and the 

 bottom beds of the Lower Coal-measures, against higher beds of the 

 latter, and the basement bed of the Middle Coal-measures, on the 

 breast of a hill called Deeplay Moor, nearly 1500 feet in height, 

 the beds dipping into the hill, at low angles. Here the slope of the 



1 "The Laws which regulate the Deposition of Lead Ore," 1861. 



2 These lodes are shown on the Geol. Survey of Lancashire, Sii-inch Map, No. 78 ; 

 they were mapped by Prof. Hull, F.R.S. 



3 Phillips' Introduction to Mineralogy, London, 1837. 



