C. E. Be Ranee — Mineral Veins in the North-ivest Country. 73 



E. N. E. direction to the west of Blue Scar, where it joins, or rather 

 becomes the Whitendale lode. The top of the Eed Bed Limestone in 

 Swine Clough is 850 feet above the sea ; 70 feet above it was found 

 a mass of lead, with Eed Bed Limestone attached, which may have 

 been lifted and left there by glacial action ; for a little further south 

 of the Clough I found a rounded and scratched trap pebble, at a 

 height of 755 feet above the sea. The limestone at the Swine Clough 

 lode dips N. 10 W. at 35°. 



In the river between the footbridge and the lime-pits a small 

 anticlinal roll striking N. 15 E. occurs; but further up the bank near 

 Far Pasture Clough the dip is normal, being N. 60 W. at 70^", which 

 is also found in the "Hush levels."' These were driven, I believe, at 

 the end of the last century, by " the Old Men"; they are very low, 

 and were entirely cut with the pick, no drill-made hole, or other trace 

 of powder being apparent, nor is there any sign of a lode ; the levels 

 branch in a tree-like form from the entrance, one of the branches 

 extending over Brennand Level. ^ 



Higher up on the hill, towards the top, between Brennand valley 

 and Whitendale, lead was found in Hush- water Syke, and still 

 higher up, at a place called " The Calf-hole," very large lumps of 

 lead were taken out many years ago. This was probably a pocket of 

 ore, and not a regular vein. 



The lowest limestone seen in Brennand and Whitendale rivers is 

 the ' Lower Post.' Several small lodes occur in it at Whitendale, 

 running E. 10 S., and N. 15 W. The Whitendale great lode^ being 

 in the Eed Bed limestone, dipping E. 10 S. at 55°, near the entrance, 

 the lode ranges in a general direction W.S.W., hading south at 78°, 

 at 87° in the middle, and at 70° at the end, which is 76 yards from 

 the entrance. 



This lode runs nearly parallel with the axis, about 100 yards south 

 of it, with the strata dipping from the axis to the lode, consisting 

 of Eed Bed Limestone, which is considered a good rock for lead. 

 Nevertheless, though the conditions here are rather favourable for the 

 deposition of lead, from the tolerably free circulation of water, very 

 little occurred in the lode, as far as the level is driven on it, though it 

 contains a very large quantity of blende ; the centre of the lode 

 being, it is said, composed of a width of four or five feet of it. 



This ore does not pay to work in the valleys, owing to the distance 

 from a railway. Calamine, however, was worked many years ago, 

 on the west bank of the Hodder, opposite Whitewell, on the slope of 

 the hills, in a series of shallow shafts, excavated in rolling moun- 

 tain limestone beds, which, from the information I have received from 

 those who remember the work being carried on, appear to have 

 been sunk on " sops " or pockets of metal, and not on any regular 



^ A " Hush," in the north-west of England, is a deep trench dug on a hill-side, to 

 find lodes. 



^ A plan of these curious old workings was made for me by Mr. Hoyle, of the 

 Whitewell Mining Company. 



^ The following magnetic dialling, taken forme by Mr. Hoyle, is curious as showing 

 short and comparatively sharp turns, in this lode-fault: — From entrance N.W. 72", 

 23ft. 3in.; N.W. 83°, 35ft.; S.W- 81°. 80ft.; West, 23ft. oin.; N.W. 85°, 45ft. Sin. 



