J. Clifton Ward — On Rock-fissuring, 245 



in the Geological Magazine^ viz. that I was enabled after a long 

 day's searching with Dr. Eeuss, at Vienna, to examine Kner's 

 original specimens from Gallicia, and that although from Kner's 

 figure I was led to coin the name Sc. Kneri, yet had these specimens 

 been placed before me, I should have mistaken them for Hereford- 

 shire specimens of Sc. Lloydii — so closely in every detail of structure 

 and marking and mode of weathering did the Gallician fossils cor- 

 respond with the English ones, I have also previously noticed the 

 fact that Pteraspis was present as well as Scaphaspis in some of 

 Kner's specimens. 



I have not yet had the opportunity of reading Herr Magister 

 Schmidt's paper on Tremataspis, and may probably have some ad- 

 ditional remarks to make when I have managed to get a sight of 

 what mitst be a very interesting memoir. 



n. — On Eock Fissuring. 



By J. Clifton Ward, F.G.S., 



Associate of the Eoyal School of Mines ; of Her Majesty's Geological Survey. 



MANY curious cases of rock Assuring have attracted my attention 

 while working out the geology of part of the English Lake- 

 district. A notice of some few of them may perhaps draw forth 

 remarks from those who have had longer and wider experience in 

 the field of nature. 



First, as to the facts observed. Most of the instances I shall men- 

 tion are those of fissures in mountain masses, into which rock-frag- 

 ments have fallen more or less from either or both sides, but of 

 which there is no indication upon the flanks of the mountains in the 

 form of slips. A notable case is that of Helm Crag, near Grasmere, 

 well worthy of a visit from the geologist or the mere searcher after 

 the picturesque. The summit of The Helm (1298ft.) is traversed 

 by several parallel, narrow, but deep fissures, into which the rocky 

 fragments on both sides have fallen, and the conspicuous rocks, 

 "The Old Woman Cowering" and "The Lion and the Lamb," occur 

 along the lines of fissure. 



• I had long been struck with the resemblance of certain rocks on 

 Eosthwaite Fell (just N.W. of Glaramara), as seen from below 

 Eosthwaite, to those on the Helm Crag, and on going over the 

 ground I found that they also were rock-masses tumbled along short 

 parallel lines of fissure, only the fissures were not so deep or well- 

 marked as on The Helm. This craggy spot goes by the name of 

 Eosthwaite Cam, and is 2000 ft. in height. 



Upon the summit of Kirk Fell, 2630ft. (just west of Great Gable), 

 are a number of felspar-porphyry and syenite dykes running north 

 and south, which are generally marked by more or less of a track 

 over the ground, and west of these, and having nothing to do with 

 the trap-dykes, are a number of linear depressions or trenches meeting 

 one another at various angles, and frequently having one side covered 

 thickly with large angular tumbled blocks. Some of these present 

 a grassy side and bottom, faced by a steep wall of blocky fragments. 



