276 Notices of Memoirs — Hochstettcr's European Turkey. 



white quartzose sandstones, and in close connexion with it varie- 

 gated friable marly shales, alternating with white and brown sand- 

 stone beds, and with a few layers of limestone and dolomite. Best- 

 ing unconformably on this is ih) a system of grey and white, rarely 

 reddish, dense limestones and dolomites of enormous thickness, 

 which at once remind one of the character of the limestone Alps. 

 This formation composes the Golo Brdo Mountains, the Koniavo, and 

 Vrbina Planina. The Struma river has broken through this range (12 

 to 1500 metres) near Kostendil. Beyond this defile this system of 

 rocks extend farther north in the direction of Trn and beyond. 



Placed in comparison with the limestone series of the Alps, the lower 

 marl and sandstone series would, perhaps, represent Lower Trias 

 (Werfener Schiefer), partly even the Permian (Kothliegendes), whilst 

 the upper portion of it would correspond with the Middle and Upper 

 Trias. But more probably (and a few although indistinct fossil re- 

 mains corroborate it) this system of rocks should be compared with 

 the northern Carpathians ; in this case the quartzite, sandstones, 

 and marls would represent the Keuper, the beds and limestones above 

 Kossen beds (Avicula contorta zone), whilst the principal mass of 

 limestone and dolomite would belong to the Jurassic and Cretaceous 

 series. The range of a third system (c) is less doubtful, in the valleys 

 and extending far on the north-eastern and eastern slopes of the 

 Koniavo, the Vrbina Planina and northwards reposes unconformably 

 on the limestone beds a system of strata of great thickness, which is 

 composed of greyish-brown shaly sandstones and alternating clayey 

 marls. Sometimes limestones are found with this series. The 

 general aspect of the low hilly country formed by these beds much 

 resembles the character of the Gosau formation of the Alps, or of 

 the Carpathian sandstones, and no doubt they belong to the Cre- 

 taceous series, most likely to the Gault, which is well developed in 

 the Balkan. Fossils were obtained only in two places, in the 

 Bunovo Valley and near Trn, amongst them Ammonites mammillatus, 

 Schloth., a true Gault species. 



Analogous to the eruptive district lying between Burgas and 

 Tamboli, described in the first part of this paper (reviewed in Geol. 

 Mag., 1871, Vol. VIII., p. 466), the igneous rocks of the Liiliin and the 

 Vitos are also basic rocks of the character of melaphyres, augite 

 porphyries, and augitic oligoclase or labrador porphyries, which are 

 accompanied by widely-spread sti'atified tuffs, conglomerates, and 

 araygdaloids. West of the Vitos, and inclosed by it and the Liiliin 

 and Visk mountains, lies a small Tertiary basin, in which is deposited 

 a bed of Brown coal, which is exposed at several places. 



Between Vranja and Leskowac, the Morawa high crj'^stalline 

 mountain ranges (2000 metres) rise up, which in S.E. are connected 

 with the Ehodope, and in S. with the Schardagh and Pindus systems. 

 These ranges consist of gneiss, mica schists, and old clayslate. 

 Numerous rhyolite and trachyte eruptions in connexion with 

 much tuff forms another important character of this district. 

 Professor Hochstetter gives in his valuable paper, not less than in 

 the first part of it (1871), a detailed description of his many tours 



