Reviews — Barkas's Illustrated Guide. 315 



Natural Theology," we cull the following paragraph, with which we 

 must conclude our present notice : — 



" The whole course of Nature maj'- be the material embodiment of 

 a pre-concerted arrangement ; and if the succession of events be ex- 

 plained by transmutation, the perpetual adaptation of the organic 

 world to new conditions leaves the argunient in favour of design, 

 and therefore of a designer, as valid as ever ; ' for to do any work by 

 an instrument must require, and therefore pre-suppose, the exertion 

 rather of more than of less power, than to do it directly.' ^ 



*' As to the charge of materialism brought against all forms of the 

 development theory, Dr. Gray has done well to remind us that ' of 

 the two great minds of the seventeenth century, Newton and 

 Leibnitz, both profoundly religious, as well as philosophical, one 

 produced the theory of gravitation, the other objected to that theory, 

 that it was subversive of natural religion..' " ^ 



II. — ^Illustbatbd Guide to the Fish, Amphibian, Eeptilian, and 

 Supposed Mammalian Eemains oe the Nokthumbekland 

 Carbonieekous Strata. By Thomas Palmster Barkas, F.G.S. 

 8vo., pp. 117 and folio Atlas. (London : W. M. Hatchings, 5, 

 Bouverie Street). 



ME. BAEKAS, who is well known as an enthusiastic collector of 

 Coal-measure fossils, has here reproduced in book-form the 

 substance of a series of papers descriptive of the vertebrate remains 

 found in the Newcastle Coal-deposits, originally contributed by him 

 to the pages of The Colliery Guardian, and other publications. 



Tho author, who dedicates his book to the " Working Miners in 

 Northumberland," does not claim for it a high scientific position, for 

 in his preface he says that his " work does not in any sense pretend 

 to be exhaustive of the subject upon which it treats, but is rather 

 a preliminary monograph of the Carboniferous Fauna of one 

 locality." Nevertheless it will be found a useful " Manual" or 

 " Guide," inasmuch as he brings together, under one cover, informa- 

 tion which would otherwise have to be sought for in many pub- 

 lications, and it will well serve the worker or student of these 

 remains as a book of ready reference. The descriptions of the 

 fossils are mostly generic and brief, but they are concise ; and the 

 references to the various works in which more detailed descriptions 

 are given are numerous. Any work on the Paleeontology of a 

 single deposit, and in a circumscribed area, even if it treats of all 

 the fossils found therein, is of necessity limited in its scope, but very 

 much more so when its subject is limited to one division — and that 

 the Yertebrata of a Palseozoic deposit. We felt somewhat surprised 

 at the number and variety, both of genera and species, here recorded 

 as having been found in a comparatively limited area ; for Mr. 

 Barkas enumerates no less than twenty-eight genera of Fishes, con- 

 taining forty-four species, and fourteen genera of Eep tiles [Amphihia), 

 exclusive of undetermined remains, from the Coal-beds of Newcastle, 



- "Natural Selection not Inconsistent with Natural Theology," p. 55. By Dr. 

 Asa Gray. Triibner & Co., London. - Ibid, p. 31. 



