TF. C. Lucy — Cemented Boulders on the Little Or me. 341 



pebbles and blocks abound on the Silurian bills at the bottom, 

 forming the lower slopes of the Cross Fell range, and even on the 

 lower portions of its magnificent limestone escarpments, the lowest 

 of which, the Melmerby Scar Limestone, is 131 feet in thickness. 

 The escarpment runs along the strike of the beds, but here and 

 there they have been cut back, and deep openings and narrow 

 valleys break the uniformity, and well show the inward dip, even 

 at a distance. This was particularly the case when I first saw this 

 range, at the end of April, when the escarpments were picked out 

 with snow, which lingered on in crevices until nearly June. 



II. — Notes on the Extension of the Boulder- clay over the 

 Great and Little Orme, and the Cementing together by 

 Lime of some large Boulders in the Clay near the Little 

 Orme. 



By W. C. Lucy, F.G.S. 



HAVING seen an account, in Notes of the Geology of the District 

 round Llandudno, by the Eev. W. S. Symonds, that shells 

 had been found by Mr. E. D. Darbishire, F.G.S. , in some clay near 

 the New Baths at the Great Orme, it occurred to me that the clay 

 was Boulder-clay, and would probably not be limited to so small a 

 patch, but that it most likely extended far over the hills. And I 

 now propose to give, very briefly, the result of some observations on 

 the subject made during a short stay at Llandudno. 



The Orme is composed of several squatted, rounded masses of 

 Carboniferous Limestone, resembling huge farmhouse loaves, which 

 give form to small valleys or gullies. Now I noticed that in these 

 valleys or gullies there was vegetation ; some corn crops were grow- 

 ing, and on examination the soil was found to be the remains of the 

 Boulder-clay. Near the Copper Works is a large boulder of several 

 hundredweight, resting on the clay, which is traceable over the hill, 

 but in places only a very thin covering is left. The highest rounded 

 portions are bare, which may be owing to there having been no place 

 for it to rest at the time the clay swept over the hill. 



In the cuttings made in forming the roads, good sections of drift 

 occur several feet thick, containing boulders of large size. 



On the shore at the Little Orme is a fine exposition of the 

 Boulder-clay, with imbedded drift, as shown in the accompanying 

 sketch. It varies very much, but at the point marked -|- the fol- 

 lowing is an accurate section : — On the surface is about a foot of soil, 

 resting upon four feet of Boulder-clay, followed by eight to ten feet 

 of angular drift, some blocks of great bulk and cemented together 

 by lime, and reposing upon ten to twelve feet of drift of smaller 

 size only partly cemented. 



Several masses of the cemented drift were lying upon the beach, 

 and the largest two are represented by the following drawings : — 

 Fig. 1 shows a big block of smooth limestone with a face of about 

 5 ft. 6 in. long, 4: ft. 6 in. wide, and 5 ft. thick, to which was attached 

 a huge mass of the drift 7 ft. long by 4^ ft. thick, containing large 



