3,000 Viss. 



2,000 





3,000 





6,000 





4,000 





4,000 





4,000 





2,000 





Mineral Resources of Upper Burmah. 359 



Mogoung is well known. They are both extensive and capable of 

 development. 



Sulphur. — This substance is not found in mass or in its native state 

 in Upper Burmah, sui generis, but is found in efflorescent salts, and 

 is manufactured from metallic sulphurets. The following is a list of 

 localities where it is made, and the yearly average outturn : — 



Mooda Myo, N 



Tsein-goon, E.S.E 



Kyouk-hoo, S.E 



Bawyine, Shan States, S.E 



Dybayen Myo, N.W. ... 



Pagan Myo, west bank of the Irrawaddy 



Toungthoo Einlay, E.S.E 



From the Bhamo District 



Total Viss Yearly 28,000 = 39 tons 11 cwt. 



At Toungthoo Einlay, to the south-east of Mandalay, sulphur is 

 manufactured by the Toungthoo Shans, who sell their outturn to the 

 King; at all the other places the mines are worked by His Majesty. 



The Bawyine works have been increased during the past month 

 by four extra furnaces, which will give about 5,000 viss more per 

 annum. Sulphur appears to abound in the Shan States ; in fact, 

 at Bawyine, Kyouktah, Dybayen, Pagan, and Toungthoo Einlay 

 the supply seems to be unlimited. It is found in the Tertiary blue 

 clay from 12 to 20 feet below the surface, which is an alluvial 

 deposit above the Old Ked Sandstone ; it is embedded in the clay, and 

 consists of very hard metallic pyrites of some size. 



The mode of extracting the sulphur is very simple. Common 

 chatty-shaped vessels are made on the spot from the soft blue clay 

 in which the ore is found. The larger vessel is filled with broken 

 ore and placed on a fire, a clay retort being filled to the top, and 

 communicating with the smaller vessel. The sulphur is thus sub- 

 limed and condensed, after which the retort is broken and a 

 hollow tube of flower of sulphur extracted therefrom which is 

 superior to that condensed in the vessel. Iron pyrites do not appear 

 to be utilized in the manufacture of sulphur, and it is doubtful 

 whether the Burmese could utilize it. Pyrites are to be found 

 in abundance in parts of Upper Burmah and the Shan States. 

 The imports from Yunan are also considerable every year. 



It is manufactured in Yunan, and in the Shit-Pyee-Doung, or 

 eight Shan States to the north-east of Bhamo, at present under the 

 rule of the Chinese, or tantamount to the same. European sulphur 

 can be purchased in the bazars at the rate of Rs. 3 per viss. 



Saltpetre is manufactured at the following places in Upper 

 Burmah : — Toungthoo Einlay, Ameerapoora, Shimpagah, Ong-ben- 

 lay, Leen-gine, Sameet-koon, Pyogan, Aung-gyeen, Samoon-gyee, 

 Oo-yun-galay, Shuaybo, Satoung-ma, Salem-niyo, Yoon-doo, Myo-tha, 

 Tsit-kine, Aloon, Tee-ber-Yeen, Myay-Yeen, Shin-bin-oon-Eni, Yua- 



* 8 Viss are equal to 1 Mauud or 25 lbs. avoirdupoise. 



