466 



Notices of Memoirs — 



sions are based upon the discovery of numerous intermediate forms 

 between genera whicli have heretofore been considered as very dis- 

 tinct : for example, an ape intermediate between the Semnopithecus 

 and Macacus ; a carnivore between the Hycena and Civet ; a pachy- 

 derm between the Anchitherium and Horse, a ruminant between the 

 Goat and Antelope. The comparison of fossils from other localities 

 has afforded similar results. With the view of combating the 

 opinions opposed to him, M. G-audry has studied the fossil Miocene 

 Fauna of Mont Leberon, and has arranged his observations under 

 the following headings : — 



1. — The close of the Miocene Period was characterized by a great 

 development of Herbivora. 



2. — The Miocene Mammalia prove that the types of the higher 

 forms have been more variable than the lower. 



3. — An examination of the Mammalia proves that the Upper 

 Miocene of Europe can be divided into two stages. 



4. — The study of the Miocene Mammalia supports the hypothesis 

 that the separation of the Faunas has been only the result of the 

 local displacement of the Faunas. 



5. — On the analogous forms of Mammalia which have preceded 

 and followed those of the Upper Miocene. 



6. — On the distinction of races and species of some Mammalia at 

 the close of the Miocene Period. 



I. — The study of the ancient animals of Yaucluse shows that the 

 Dinotherium was accompanied by a large wild boar, two species of 

 Itliinoceros and the Helladotlierium, the most majestic of all the 

 ruminants which inhabited Europe. The plains were covered with 

 herds of the Hipparion, of Gazelles with harp-like horns, together 

 with a Tragocerus related to the antelopes, a Cervus (C. MatJieronis), 

 also a large tortoise and some smaller species. Few Carnivora 

 troubled the peaceful j^astures of the Herbivora, the remains of 

 Machairodus, HycBna, and Ictitherium having only rarely been met 

 with. The following list shows that the quadrupeds of Leberon 

 were, in all probability, contemporaneous with those of Pikermi 

 (Greece), Baltavar (Hungary), and Concud (Spain). 



Mont Leberon 

 (Vaucluse). 



PiKEBMI 



(Greece). 



Baltavab, 

 (Hungary) . 



Concud 

 (Spain). 



Machairodus cultridens 



X 

 X 



X 

 X 

 X 



X? 



var 



X 



8. erymcmthius 



X 

 X 



X 



X 

 X 



Dinotherium 



X 



X 

 X 



X 





SycBna exiinia 



X 



Ictitherium hipparionum 









Dinotherium giganteum 





Acerotherium incisivum ? 





Hhinoceros Schleiermacheri 





Hipparion aracile 



X 



Sus major 





Selladotherium Du/oernoyi 





Tragocerus amaltheus 



X 



Cervus Matheronis 



X 



Gazella deperdita 



X 



