Frof. Gaudry on Tertiary Mammalia, 469' 



The absence of Giraffes and Antelopes, the presence of DorcatJierium 

 near to Amphitragulits of the Lower Miocene gives to Eppelsheim an 

 ancient aspect. The Dicrocerus anocerus of the same bed has the 

 horns simply forked as those of the young Cervtis elaphus, which 

 shows an evoltition less advanced than the C. Matheronis of Leberon 

 in which the horns have three tines ; besides, it approaches much 

 more the Dicrocerus Aurelianensis of the Middle Miocene. 



From this it appears the Upper Miocene of Europe may be divided 

 into two stages ; one, more recent, represented by Pikermi, Leberon, 

 Baltavar, and Concud;^ the other, more ancient,, represented by 

 Eppelsheim. 



The Upper Miocene- is not the only stage where we find ap- 

 preciable differences in the fauna. As geology progresses, the better 

 do we recognize that the organic world has undergone many changes. 

 The following table shows the succession of the terrestrial faunas of 

 the Tertiary Mammalia : — 



Pliocene. — 



a. Fauna of Cromer, Saint Prest, and Saint Martial. — It is distinguished from the 

 preceding fauna by the disappearance of Mastodon; the Elephas nieridionalis 

 has the molars with more serrated laminae and a more compact enamel ; the 

 stags assume more branched and more expanded horns. 



b. Fauna of Perier and of the Norwich Crag. — Distinguished from the preceding 

 by the abundance of stags, the rarity or absence of antelopes, the dis- 

 appearance of Apes. Co-existence of E, m^ridionalis with the Mastodon. 



c. Fauna of Montpelier. — Distinguished by the absence of Helladotherium,. 

 Dinothermm, Ictitherium; z.x\.^ Ancylotheriuvi ; the presence of the Tapir and 

 Hycenarctos. Co- existence of stags with antelopes* 



Upper Miocene — 



d. Fauna of Mont Leberon and Pikermi. — Distinguished by the profusion of 

 antelopes, the presence of Hdladotherium, Ictithermtn, and Hycena, the absence 

 of Dorcatherhan and Tapir. 



e. Fauna of Eppelsheim. — Distinguished by the substitution of Hipparion for 

 AnchiiheTmm, Mastodon longirostris for M. angiistidens, and also by the pre- 

 sence of the great wild boars together with the Dorcatherium, Shnocy.on, and 

 Tapir. 



Middle Miocene — 

 /. Fauna of Simorre. — It differs slightly from the preceding by the presence of 

 Dinotherium giganteum, Histriodon, Rhinoceros brachypus, and Simorrensis ; 

 and the absence of Chalicoiheriujn and antelopes. 

 g. Fauna of Sansan. — Notwithstanding its close relation, it is separated from the 

 preceding fauna by the absence of Anthracoiherium, Cainotherhim, Drema- 

 theniun, and by the abundance of antelopes. 

 h. Fauna of the sands of Orleannais. — Distinguished from the preceding by 

 the absence of Hyiznodon, and the presence of many species common to 

 Sansan and even of Simorre, associated with Anthracotkefium onoidcitm, 

 Pal(eoch(Brus, Cainotheniim, Dremoiherium, Dicrocerus Aurelianensis. Reign 

 of Dinotheriuftt Ciivieri, Mastodon angustidetis,. and M. tiiriceitsis . 



Lower Miocene — 



/. Fauna of a part of the Allier etage (age of the Limestone of Beauce). — 

 Distinguished by the disappearance of Palaotheriiim., the incoming of Anchi- 

 therium, and the replacement of the Gelocus by the Dremotheriitni. 



k. Fauna of Ronzon and Villebramar (age of the Sands of Fontainebleau). — 

 Differs slightly from the preceding fauna by the rarity of the PaLcotlieritini, 

 absence of Anoploiherium, the abundance of Bothryodon, and of ruminants 

 named Gelocus. Continuation of the reign of Entelcdon. 



