E. Ray Lanhester. — B. Mackintosh. 479 



of new data bearing on the matter, lie will possibly render some 

 service to English geologists ; but oif-hand enunciations of simple 

 opinion have no special value because they come from Eussia. 



Mr. Schmidt obviously can tell us no more about Kunth's speci- 

 men than what we have seen, and what he has seen, in Kunth's paper.^ 



It is interesting to read that Mr. Schmidt thinks he has found 

 bone-lacunge in Pteraspis ; but it is desirable to caution the readers 

 of the Geol. Mag. as to accepting the supposed fact. There have 

 been so many blunders on the Continent with regard to Pteraspis, 

 that it will not be wise to attach any importance to the statement 

 until we have evidence that the shield examined was really that of 

 Pteraspis. It is not at all improbable that it was, but it is also not 

 improbable that it was something else. 



E. Eat Lankestee. 

 Exeter College, Oxford, 

 Sept. \st, 1873. 



ME. WARD ON THE GLACIATION OF THE LAKE DISTEICT. 



SiK, — On reading Mr. J. Clifton Ward's paper on the above sub- 

 ject, in the last number of the Quarterly Journ. of the Geol. Society, 

 I find that he has been led by an independent series of observations 

 to corroborate several statements and opinions I have from time to 

 time advanced in the pages of the Geological Magazine. But as 

 Mr. Ward does not refer to what others have done before him in the 

 Lake District, would you allow me to direct the attention of those of 

 your readers who are interested in the subject to Vol. VII., August, 

 October, and December, 1870; Vol. VIII., February, June, and 

 July, 1871 ; and Vol. IX., September, 1872. In one or other of 

 these seven articles several phenomena noticed by Mr. Ward have 

 been described; the results of observations on the dispersion of 

 syenite erratics from the Buttermere and Ennerdale centres, stated ; 

 the distinction between mounds of Boulder-clay, sand, gravel, and 

 glacial moraines, discussed ; the almost entire limitation of true 

 moraines to the upper valleys, advocated (contrary to prevailing 

 ideas) ; the transportation of erratics by floating-ice in various direc- 

 tions, and often irrespectively of the drainage, insisted on, etc. In 

 making these remarks my object is very far from undervaluing the 

 great mass of entirely new information contained in Mr. Ward's 

 paper. 



D. Mackintosh. 



^ Maj^ister Schmidt had forwarded an earlier communication than that referred to 

 ahove, which appeared in the April Number of the Geol. Mag. (p. 152), in which is 

 also contained a refutation of Dr. Kunth's views by Mr. Lankester (p. 190). Doubt- 

 less M. Schmidt has good grounds for the opinions he has expressed concerning the 

 assumed relationship to each other of Pteraspis and Scaphaspis — as the dorsal and 

 ventral shields of the same individual — and wc shall be glad to receive a further 

 account of his researches on this important subject. — Edit. Geol. Mag. 



