14: PALAEONTOLOGY OF THE UPPER MISSOURI. 



divided by revolving septa; while in Alveolina there is another system of sub- 

 ordinate septa crossing the longitudinal series at right angles, and thus forming 

 a complex system of chamberlets connected by openings passing through the 

 principal septa, and corresponding to tlie numerous apertures in the last or outer 

 septum. The surface in Alveolina is also marked in addition to the longitudinal 

 furrows, by another series of smaller revolving linear depressions, comcident 

 witli the series of secondary septa. We observe Dr. Cai-penter speaks with some 

 doubt in regard to the foramina in the walls of the shells of Fusulina, though 

 he thought he had seen indications of them. On making a transverse section 

 of one of oiu: Kansas specimens, we were enabled to see these foramina distinctly, 

 under a high magnifying power, by transmitted light. Fig. 6, c, PI. I, illustrates 

 their appearance. We saw no satisfactory evidences of an intermediate canal 

 system, though some of the septa seemed to exhibit slight indications of bemg double. 



So far as kno^^^l, the genus Fusulina is mainly, if not entirely, pccidiar to the 

 Carboniferous System.' In the Old World, it seems also to occur only in the Sub- 

 carboniferous Series, particularly in Russia. In this country, however, at any rate 

 east of the Rocky Moimtains, it has only been found in our Coal Measures. It is 

 represented by one or more species, in great numbers, in the Coal Measures of 

 some of the Western States, particularly in southeastern Nebraska, western Iowa, 

 eastern Kansas, and portions of Missouri, Arkansas, Texas, Illinois, and, according 

 to Mr. Verneuil (Am. Jour. Sci. (2) II, 1846, p. 293), in Ohio. 



A species {F. lu/iKrhorea, Salter) was discovered m carboniferous rocks as high 

 north as 76° 30', at Depot Point, Albert's Land. 



Fusulina cylindrica 



(Plate I, Fig. 6, a, b, c, d, e,f, g, h, j.) 

 Ji'usidina cylindrica, Fischek, Oryct. du Gouv. de Moscou, 1837, 126, pi. xviii, fig. 1-5. 

 Fusulina depressa, Fischer, ib., pi. xiii, fig. 6-11. 



Fusulina cylindrica, Meek & Hayden, Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. December, 1858, 260. 

 Fusulina cylindrica, var. ventricosa, Meek & Hayden, ib., 261. 



Shell fusiform, more or less ventricose in tlie middle, somewhat obtusely pointed at the extremities, which 

 generally have the appearance of being a little twisted. Surface smooth excepting the septal furrows, which are 

 moderately distinct, more or less regular, and a little curved as they approach tlie extremities. Aperture rather 

 short, very narrow, and rarely visible as specimens are usually found. Volutions six to eight, closely coiled, the 

 spaces between (near the middle) being rarely more than twice the thiclsness of the shell walls. Septa from 

 twenty to about thirty-three in the last turn of adult specimens, counting around the middle ; comparatively 

 straight near their outer margins, but strongly undulated laterally within. Foramina passing through the outer 

 walls of the chambers, distinct in well preserved specimens ; as seen in transverse sections near the middle of the 

 shell, somewhat radiating, and numbering in the outer turns of a medium sized shell, from twelve to twenty 

 between each two of the septa. 



Length (of a slender specimen), 0.37 inch ; diameter, in the middle at right angles to the axis, 0.13 inch. 

 Length (of a ventricose individual), 0.38 inch ; diameter at right angles to the axis, near the middle, 0.20 inch. 

 Types of figures and description, 1029, 1028. 



The little shell described above, agrees so nearly with the figures and descrip- 

 tions of Fusulina cylindrica of Fischer, that we are at a loss to find constant 



' Dr. Shumard describes a gigantic species attaining a length of two inches, from roclis in Texas 

 supposed to be of tlie age of the Permian System of Europe (see Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci. I, 

 307). From the description, however, we should suspect that it may belong to an allied, but distinct 

 genus, since the aperture is said to extend the entire length of the shell. 



