HADROSATJRrS. 77 



Attention was first called to the discovery of remains of the Hadrosaurus, in the 

 autumn of 1858, by W. Parker Foulke, of Philadelphia, Member of the Academy 

 of Natural Sciences, a gentleman who has always displayed a great interest in the 

 advancement of the objects of the latter institution. While passing the season at 

 Haddonfield, Camden County, New Jersey, Mr. Foulke learned from one of his 

 neighbors, John E. Hopkins, that in digging marl upon his farm, twenty years 

 back, there had been found a number of large bones. These were said to have 

 consisted mainly of vertebrae, and had been gradually distributed among visitors, 

 who were curious in such objects, so that none remained in the possession of Mr. 

 Hopkins. 



In the hope of finding additional portions of the skeleton, with the permission 

 of the latter gentleman, Mr. Foulke employed men to search in the place of the 

 old excavation. This was situated in a narrow ravine, through which a brook 

 flowed eastwardly into the south branch of Cooper's Creek. At the depth of nine 

 feet from the surface the men were successful in finding numerous bones. These 

 were imbedded in a stratum of tenacious, bluish-black, micaceous clay, in associa- 

 tion with a multitude of shells,^ an echinoderm,^ several small teeth and vertebrae 

 of fishes,^ a coprolite, and some fossilized coniferous wood.- 



The bones are ebony-black, firm in texture, heavy, and strongly impregnated 

 with ferruginous salts, especially sulphuret of iron, which often also adheres to 

 parts in nodules and fills up interstices, foramina, and the spongy structure. They 

 are generally well preserved, except that many are fractured, but none are water 

 rolled, and a few specimens only appear somewhat crushed. 



These osseous remains, upon which the genus Hadrosaurus has been founded, 

 indicate a Reptile of equally huge proportions, and of the same habits of life, as 

 the great Iguanodon of the Wealden and Cretaceous deposits of Europe ; and of 

 all living forms, though widely diff'erent, was most nearly related with the Iguana, 

 Cyclura, and Amhlyrhynclius. 



The bones, besides a number of small uncharacteristic fragments, consist of 

 twenty-eight vertebrae, mostly with their processes lost ; a humerus, radius, and an 

 idna complete ; an ilium and a supposed pubic bone, imperfect ; a femur and tibia 



' According to Dr. Isaac Lea (Froc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1861, 150) the shells consisted of Area 

 Enfaulensis, A. Saffordi, Astarle crenuUrata, A. octolirala, Anomia tellinoides ? A. argeniaria, 

 Cardium multiradiatum, C. Enfaulense, Gardita subquadrata, Corbula subcomjjressa, C. crassi- 

 plicata, G.Foulkei, Crassatella linlea, Ctenoides crenulicostata, Dosinia depressa, JD. Haddonfield- 

 ensis, Dentaliiim Enfaulensis, Exogyra costala, Gervilia ensiformis, Inoceramus involidus, Leda 

 protexta, L. longifrons, Linaria metastriata, Legumen apressus, L. ellipticus, Modiola Julise, 

 Nucula percrassa, Ostrea denticulifera, 0. larva, 0. plumosa, 0. tecticosia, Pecten simplicius. 

 Pinna laqueata, Siliquaria biplicata, Tellina {Tellinimera) eborea, Trigonia Enfaulensis, Lunatia 

 paludiformis, Turbonilla laqueata, Turritella vertebroides, T. Hardemanensis, Ammonites pla- 

 centa, Scaphites iris. The condition of these fossils is such as prove that they were deposited in a 

 sediment completely at rest. The most tender and delicate forms remain without abrasion, and 

 usually, in the case of the bivalve mollusks, the two valves are attached. The great tenacity of the 

 clay, and extreme tenderness of the specimens render it almost impossible to get out perfect ones. 

 Proc. Acad Nat. Sci., 1848, 221. 



" Gidares armigera. " Odontasxns and Enchodus. 



