14 



ON THE FRESH-WATER GLACIAL DRIFT 



ments of shells and leaves, 12 feet below surface and 153 feet above Lake Erie. 

 (From Dr. Moore.) 



4th. Cleveland, Ohio. — The entire trunk of a white cedar 20 feet in length, with 

 the roots and a part of the branches, the bark and lijiot-holes filled with proto- 

 sulphide of iron, 50 feet above Lake Erie and 18 feet below surface. (From Mr. 

 John Wills.) This and many other fragments of timber lay in a muck bed 

 between the gray sand of the section and the blue clay. 



There are in this layer an abundance of the leaves of the pine, spruce, and cran- 

 berry. Many weUs in the city are rendered unfit for use by this layer of vegeta- 

 tion. The springs that issue from the bank of the lake are chalybeate, and deposit 

 iron rust. In the clay below, and the blue clay generally, are thin black streaks 

 of carbonaceous matter, resulting from the leaves. Some of the pieces of wood 

 are well preserved, and are water-worn by attrition, in the same manner as the 

 drift wood of the present beach of the lake. 



5th. Hamilton County, Ohio. — Of 59 wells which I examined in this county, six 

 had muck beds, leaves, timber, or silt. Their elevation ranges from 300 to 500 

 feet above the Ohio river, or 160 to 350 feet above Lake Erie. They are situated 

 near the southern limit of the northern boulders. 



Section of Wells near Carey's Academy. 

 7 miles north of Cincinnati on tlie height of land. 



1. Surface clay and loam 



. 18 feet. 



2. Yellow sand 



» . " 2. inches. 



3. Blue marly clay 



1 foot. 



4. Leaves and sticks 



feet 2 " 



5. Vegetable mould 



. 3 " 



6. Vegetable mould and marl 



. . 6 " 



28 feet 4 inches. 



At about the same elevation, near New Burlington, in the same county, in three 

 wells not far from each other, the diggers found what they call " grape vines," or 

 a mass of leaves, trees, and muck. From one of the wells, a log one foot in 

 diameter was taken. There was frequently so much vegetation as to ruin the 

 water for drinking. Three miles north of New Burlington at a lower level by 

 about 200 feet, a layer of logs was foimd at 30 feet from the surface. 



In another well, a bed of leaves and logs under blue clay was passed at 40 feet. 

 Another gave the following section : — 



1. Surface loam .... 



I foot. 



2. Yellow clay .... 



. 3 feet. 



3. Sand ..... 



. 2 " 



4. Blue clay ..... 



. 14 " 



5. Leaves and sticks .... 





20 feet. 



Thirty-five of the fifty-nine wells of this county, about which reliable information 

 could be obtained, had layers of blue clay. The logs, leaves, and sticks, were 

 always in the clay beds, and the blue clay invariably below the yellow. 



