36 GEOLOGICAL RESEARCHES IN 



sist of white orthoclase and thin lenticular plates or bands of gray quartz, with 

 abundant irregular grains of garnet of the size of a pea. 



The gneiss of this locality runs through several varieties, all alike rich in garnets. 

 Gneiss with garnets is also exposed under the volcanic beds at Yingmachuen, north- 

 east of the Te Hai. 



Thus where we cross the Barrier range west of Yangkau, we find the pre- 

 dominating schists to be of the hornblendic series. In the echelon to the east, 

 between the Yang Ho and Hwaingan creek, the schists, that underlie the Hwaingan 

 beds, are mainly of the micaceous series, gneiss being most common. The schists 

 that are exposed west of the Barrier range, between this and the Te Hai, and 

 at Yingmachuen, belong, as we have seen, also mostly to the micaceous series, 

 gneiss predominating and alternating with its congener — ^granulite. The general 

 trend of the uplift of these latter schists, in the region between Kiu Hwaingan and 

 the Te Hai, is northeasterly and parallel to the course of the Barrier range, while 

 the mean strike of the schists of the hornblendic series, in the main body of the 

 range, seems to be north-northwesterly. 



If we glance at the metamorphic region east of Kalgan, we find that its schists 

 belong to the hornblendic and chloritic series, and here also the mean strike seems 

 to lie between north and west. 



Have we here to do with the metamorphosed strata of two distinct periods I It 

 would be hasty to assume that such is the case in the absence of more data, but it 

 does not seem improbable that the schists of the hornblendic and chloritic series 

 represent deposits of an earUer age followed by N. W. S. E. foldings of the strata, 

 while the gneiss and granulite series belong to a later epoch Avhich was followed by 

 the N. E. S. W. disturbance. 



Hioaingan Beds. — These strata, which have already been referred to as resting 

 almost conformably on gneiss, cover the hills on both sides of the Hwaingan creek, 

 and occur with an easterly trend and northerly dip at the edge of the hiUs, N. W. 

 of Siuenhwa (fu). They are made up of layers of compact and hard, gray silicious 

 limestone, with quartzose sandstones, red and gray argiUites, and quartzite. The 

 predominating rock would seem to be the limestone. The aggregate thickness is 

 several hundred feet. The lowest layers are, first, and resting on the gneiss, a fine 

 grained sandstone, green from thin layers of a green mineral ; over this, sandstone 

 altered to quartzite; on this a red argillaceous shale; finally, silicious limestone 

 containing numerous thin layers of chert. The alternating beds at the bottom of the 

 series vary in thickness from six inches to many feet, and in the clifi's seen from the 

 road, I noticed that they frequently thin out and dovetail into each otlier, an occur- 

 rence that seems to indicate frequently changing conditions of lev^l and material. 



The Hwaingan beds appear to be the equivalent of the great limestone floor of 

 the coal-bearing rocks, and their character and thinness would seem to indicate that 

 they were formed on the borders of the sea in which that great formation originated. 

 The limestone of the Kiming basin is highly silicified, and its thickness seems to 

 be much less than that of the same formation where it rises from beneath the great 

 plain. 



Oreenstone-PorpliyrTj Conglomerate, — The beds of this rock were noticed near 



