52 GEOLOGICAL RESEARCHES IN 



stone C?). The high Liushan [west of Poyang lake and south of Kiukiang] are of 

 fine-grained granite and micaceous schist poor in quartz, in vertical strata trending 

 N. E. S. W.^ On the left bank of the Kan river, above Kihngan (fu), there is sand- 

 stone. Between Wanngan (hien) and Kanchau (fu) there is dark gray schist rest- 

 ing on granite. Black slate occurs between Kanchau (fu) and Nanngan (fu). The 

 summit of the Meiling pass is of argillaceous sandstone, immediately south of which 

 begins limestone. Between Nanhiung (fu) and Shauchau (fu) the limestone ceases 

 and is followed by red sandstone with coal seams. Nearer to Shauchau (fu) there 

 is limestone resting on a breccia of limestone, calcareous red sandstone, and quartz, 

 the whole cemented by limestone. Near Yingting (hien) there is grayish-black 

 limestone in which is the cavern of Kwangsin. Hills of grayish-yellow, argillaceous 

 sandstone, with veins of quartz, occur about half way between Yingting (hien) and 

 Hingyuen (hien); [on Abel's route map the whole country between these two places 

 is represented as sandstone.] The coal brought to Abel from the towns on the 

 Yangtse resembled cannel coal, that in Kiangsi "bovey" coal. 



At Fuhutang (on the Kan river), soon after leaving the Poyang lake, there are 

 vertical coal pits. The fragments at the bottom of the hill where these are situated 

 appeared to be pure slate.^ 



Canton to Hanhau through Hunan.^ — The rocks noticed on the North river (Peh 

 kiang) were red sandstone and limestone. Four miles inland from Pangkwang 

 there are coal mines, belonging to the government, 40 to 50 feet deep. Red sand- 

 stone occurs along the boundary between Kwangtung and Hunan on the Meiling 

 pass. Red sandstone occurs near Shachulung, a coal village on the north slope of 

 the Nanling near the end of the Meiling pass. A few miles below Laiyang (hien) 

 there are limestone quarries. At Pingtan, a few miles below Siangtan (hien), there 

 are limekilns and quarries of limestone. Sandstone is quarried at Kingtsewan, 

 about twelve miles below Changsha (fu). 



Chehliiang and FuhMen.* — About ten to fifteen miles west of Yenchau (fu) (Cheh- 

 kiang) are limestone mountains, and a few miles farther west beautiful green granite. 

 Near Hwuichau (fu) (Nganhwui) the hills consist of a red sandstone resting on 

 slate. Near Kiichau (fu) (Chehkiang) there is red, calcareous sandstone. The road 

 on the pass between the Shangyang river and the Chehkiang river is paved with 

 granite. The road at the N. W. foot of the Bohea mountains leading from IIo- 

 kau, in Kwangsin (fu) (Kiangsi), into Fuhkien, is paved with granite. The rocks 

 at Wuishan, on the east side of the Bohea mountains in Fuhkien " consist of clay 

 slate, in which occur, embedded in the form of beds or dykes, quartz rock, while 

 granite of a deep black color, owing to the mica which is of a fine deep bluish black, 

 cuts through them in all directions." "Resting on this clay slate are sandstone 

 conglomerates formed principally of angular masses of quartz, held together by a 

 calcareous basis, and alternating with these conglomerates there is a fine, calcareous. 



* Ritter, Asien, III, p. 615, citing Ellis' Journal, p. 342, and Clarke Abel, p. IGT. 

 » Ellis' Journal, II, p. lOT. 



^ Rev. Mr. Bonny. A Trip from Canton to Shanghai. Pamphlet. Shanghai, 1861. 



* Fortune. Tea Districts, etc. 



