CHINA, MONGOLIA, AND JAPAN. 85 



Porphyry of a similar character occurs at several points on the island. 



Ascending the creek, greenstone was found to succeed to the argillaceous rock, 

 and seems to be the only formation for at least several miles up the valley. In this 

 are the copper bearing veins, six or eight inches thick, of quartz, containing iron 

 and copper-pyrites, a little zincblende, and some calcspar in cavities. The mine 

 had only been opened a short distance. 



Near the house there is a warm spring, with a temperature of 48° C, rising in 

 the argillaceous rock. 



Jmie 4th. Leaving Kakumi, in the afternoon, we rode about three miles to the 

 fishing village of Wosatzube. 



Just east of the village is a promontory formed by an outcrop of beds of black 

 hornstone. 



Tiff. 11 



Hornstone Strata. Cape Wosatzube. 



This rock is stratified in well-defined layers from a few inches to several feet in 

 thickness. It has a velvety-black color, more rarely with lighter shades, breaks 

 with conchoidal fracture, and shows, when wetted, a lamellar structure the layers 

 of which are thin as paper, of black and dark-gray shades. In places it is slightly 

 brecciated, the interstices being filled with opalescent chalcedony in layers of 

 infiltration. 



I may add that the Japanese mining officials who accompanied us, stated that a 

 similar rock occurs in close connection Avith the coal beds on the eastern coast of 

 Yesso. The trend of the strata at Wosatzube is N. 40 W., the general dip being 

 northeasterly. 



Off the point just described is a spring which bubbles up from the bottom, very 

 strongly at low water, and quite visibly at high tide. 



June 5th. The country east of Wosatzube being impassible for horses, we em- 

 barked in a boat propelled by sixteen rowers, and after a voyage of between three 

 and four hours reached the fishing village of Totohoke. The scenery was very 

 grand, as the coast is here formed by a wall several hundred feet high, and washed 

 by the sea at its base. Innumerable waterfalls, some of them very high, and all 

 beautiful, were seen at the heads of ravines, or falling like veils over the high coast 

 bluffs. These cascades occur along the entire Japanese coast, and the early navi- 

 gator Vriess mentions them at almost every step in his narrative. 



The rock forming this coast wall seems to be volcanic tufa-conglomerate, Avith 

 lava dykes. On examining the rock of the bluff Avest of Totohoke, it Avas found to 

 be indistinctly stratified and made up of round and angular fragments of trachytic 

 laA'a inclosed in a gray matrix more or less hard, Avith earthy fracture, and contain- 



