492 



WINDS OF TUB GLOBE. 



(Nos. 179 to 184.) Turkey in Asia. 



Observed at the following places, viz. : — 



Bagdad, Mesopolamia, during the year 1783. 



Bahmduii, Mount Lebanon, Syria, by Rev. S. H. Calhoun, with some interruptions, from Xovem- 

 ber, 1844, to September, 184.5, inclusive. 



Bassora, from February to June inclusive, in the year 1784. 



Beirut, Syria, by Dr. De Forest, from September, 1842, to August, 1843, and from November,' 

 1843, to March, 1844, both inclusive,' and 80 days, the date of which is not preserved; also by 

 another observer during the years 1846 to 1854, inclusive. 



Damascus, Syria, by Dr. Joseph Diekerson and Frederick Hubbard, from May 27 to June 6, 1857. 



Jerusalem, Palestine, by Dr. McGowan, from May, 1846, to February, 1847, and from April to 

 July, 1847, both inclusive, and by Dr. T. Chaplin for a period of 5^ years, from 1863 to 1868, 

 Inclusive. 



Time of the 

 year. 





H 







K 

 « 



H 



26 



5 



41 



19 







15 



15 







30 



11 



2 



13 



20 







24 



5 







n 



a 











6 











.6 







5 



22 







36 



22 



3 



42 



22 



7 



32 



51 



2 



67 



16 



11 



49 3 



83 



6712 



88 



1S3 



17 



249 





W 



H 



aj 



to 



m 



is 





^ 





r/i 



^ 



xn 



m 



xii 



CO 



^ 



^ 







35 



1 



27 







34 







35 







20 







30 







32 







16 



17 







33 







15 







33 







5 







38 







5 







34 







5 







31 







10 







10 







25 







35 



o; 47 







22 







69 







79 







25 







105 







40 







76 







llfi 



1 



84 







250 



1 



344 



' January 

 February 

 March 

 April 

 May 

 Juue 

 July 

 August 

 September 

 October 

 November 

 December 

 Spring 

 Summer 

 Autumn 

 Winter 

 Tlie year 



5 10 



01 5| 10 

 10 10 

 25: 10 



16 







13 























5 







15 







lOl 



10 







51 







13 







30 







20 







114 







20 



38 



30 



54 



58 



1 99 



148 



0'l20 



OJ 63 



62 



30 



1 28 

 0:142 

 ll367 



N. 46°48'W, 

 N. 49 59 W, 

 0155 o;N. 20 20 W, 

 ej S6i 1 N. 69 25 W, 

 7l750| 2 N. 44 16 W- 



S. 39i°E. 

 N. 55 W. 

 N. 501 E. 

 S. 2Sj E. 



186 

 169 

 186 

 ISO 

 217 

 210 

 217 

 186 

 ISO 

 186 

 180 

 186 

 583 

 613 

 546 

 540 

 2282 



■ Except 19 days wanting in December, 1842, 10 iu May, 1843, 7 iu November, 1843, 1 in December, 1843, 

 and 10 in March, 1844. 



2 Tile following extract from a letter of Rev. J. F. Lanueau to the author will serve to give an idea of the 

 winds of Palestine generally : — 



" There are, however, some general remarks which my long residence in Syria and the Holy Land enables 

 me to make concerning the direction of the wind and other topics alluded to iu your letter, and which may be 

 of some interest to you. 



"Tlie wliolo of Palestine is intersected by a chain of hills, or small mountains, rising to an elevation of 

 nearly three thousand feet, and extending north and south nearly midway between the Mediterranean and the 

 Jordan. On the sea coast the wind generally blows ' off the laud,' or from the east or southeast during the 

 ni^ht, and follows the sun as the day advances, toward the south, southwest and west, and, perhaps, one- 

 third of the time continuing on to north and northwest, increasing toward sunset, and shortly after dying 

 away to a calm, which lasts until about midnight, when the land breeze again commences. At Jerusalem, 

 however, and iu the hill country of Judea, the direction of the wind is almost always from the northwest 

 during winter and summer, except when the Shileak, the Arabic term for the wind commonly known elsewhere 

 as the Sirocco, or east wind, blows from the desert. So uniformly prevalent is the northwestern, that the olive 

 trees iu the interior, situated so as to feel its constant iuflueuce, are inclined toward the southeast, and their 

 branches checked in their opposite direciiou by its force, so that, in some cases, three- fourths or more of them 



are on that side, thus : 



This is very strikingly noticed immediately around Jerusalem. 



" And this leads me to an obvious answer to one of your questions, viz. : 'Are there any local influences that 

 would afl'ect the direction of the wind ?' I liave always thought the position of Jerusalem, and that whole 

 region, with tlio immense evaporation from the Dead Sea, and the Arabian desert to the southeast of it, must 

 be the physical cause of the northwest direction of tlie wind the greater portion of the year, while the deep 



