718 



WINDS OF THE GLOBE. 



(See also Plate 9.) 



The N. W. winds of spring in most of the stations of Western Europe must be 

 noticed, especially in stations near the coast of the Atlantic Ocean or the North 

 Sea. The mean direction of the wind in summer is more northerly than in 

 winter. 



Central and Southern France, Northern Italy, Switzerland, and the western 

 provinces of Austria are a border-land between two different systems of winds, 

 southerly or westerly prevailing in the N. of this region, and northerly in the S. 

 Still we must expect to find the winds very much influenced by locality in such 

 mountainous countries. The following are the percentages of the winds in the 

 countries mentioned. 





Summer. 



Winter. 1 





M 





« 





^ 





^ 





H 





^ 





^ 





^ 





K 



ii 



M 



w 



to 



ui 



^ 



a 



a 



(5 



w 



ai 



ai 



te- 



^ 



a 



Zone 8. N. 362. S. W. Frauce . 



15 



4 



4 



13 



6 



8' 21 



27 



8 



4 



5 



18 



19 



ll 



19 



17 



9. N. 126. E. France 450^6© N. 



34 



4 



3 



3 



20 



10 11 



14 



32 



5 



4 



5 



24 



9 



8 



13 



" 10. N. 366. Orange (3. E. France) 



62 



1 



1 



1 



24 



4! 4 



4 



54 



3 



2 



4 



11 



4 



2 



21 



" 10. N. 3(i7. Marseilles . . . . 











1 



12 



4 



18! 37 



29 







1 



10 



16 



2 



5 



11 



55 



" 10. N. 373. Parma . . . . 



13 



16 



16 



5 



3 



18, 12 



17 



12 



8 



14 



5 



2 



9 



20 



31 



" 10. N. 374. Bologna . . . . 



8 



8 



22 



9 



5 



9|25 



15 



3 



3 



6 



2 



3 



5 



59 



19 



Switzerland — 



































Zone 9. N. 178. W. Switzerland . 



36 



12 



2 



4 



17 



18 



5 



6 



23 



16 



4 



4 



16 



28 



6 



5 



" 9. N. 172. Neucliatel . 



3 29 



11 



6 



2 



31 



11 



8 



2 



28 



7 



1 







42 



12 



8 



" 9. N. 171. Chaumont . 



14 



26 



9 



3 



1 



12 



14 



22 



6 



19 



1 











55 



8 



12 



" 9. N. 191). Northern Switzerland . 



11 



17 



12 



5 



4 



15 



20 



16 



3 



11 



7 



6 



4 



36 



26 



8 



" 9. N. 192. Uetliberg . 



24 



1 



1 











27 



40 



7 



6 



















30 



66 







" 9. N. 218. Eigi-Kulm . 



6 



10 



9 



2 



20 



1 



40 



13 







2 



6 



4 



15 



4 



63 



6 



" 9. N. 22S. Lugano 



17 



32 



2 



20 



24 



6 











42 



43 







7 



4 



2 







3 



'■ 9. N. 246, 247. Bellinzona | 

 ' Alendnsio ) 



52 



14 



8 



7 



11 



3 



5 



4 



60 



13 



1 



2 



4 



1 



6 



12 



Zone 9. N. 321. Trieste . . . . 



12 



2 



40 



2 



16 



2 25 



1 



18 



4 



58 



1 



10 



1 



8 







" 10. N. 378. Ragusa (Dalmatia) . 



25 



31 



6 



21 







3! 



14 



21 



40 



11 



20 



1 







2 



5 



" 9. N. 320. N. Illyria . . . . 



10 



9 



6 



10 



15 



17i21 



12 



15 



8 



8 



7 



6 



IS 



21 



18 



9. N. 317. Hoch-Obir . . . . 



10 



3 



2 



6 



11 



36 j 20 



12 



16 



1 



2 



6 



6 



24 



23 



21 



" 9. N. 337. Vienna and Schoenthal . 



8 



6 



7 



9 



7 



31' 2 



35 



7 



14 



2 



19 



8 



24 



4 



22 



" 9. N. 340. Moravia . . . . 



8 



9 



6 



9 



6 



10 19 



33 



11 



7 



4 



17 



6 



8 



12 



34 



8. N. 204. N. W. Bohemia . 



5 



10 



6 



8 



3 



30 19 



18 



3 



16 



8 



13 



2 



26 



19 



13 



In Southern France N. W. and N. winds may be said to predominate, and not 

 only are they the most frequent but also the strongest. They are known under 

 the name of Mistral. As early as in 186r Renou traced the isobaric lines of 

 France, and showed that the highest pressure was found in the centre of the 

 country near Limoges. Reduced to sea-level it amounted to 761 millimetres 

 (30.08 inches), to the south it is less. In winter the temperature along the coast 

 from Marseilles to Livorno is much higher than in the surrounding country, this 

 being probably the cause of the lower pressure. (See Plate 14.) In summer the 

 stony, treeless plains on the lower Rhone are so very much heated, as to attract 

 the air of the surrounding country. It comes from the Atlantic, up the valley of 

 the Garonne, as a N. W. wind, and descends towards the Mediterranean near 

 Cette. It will be seen from the table that S. W. France has prevailing N. W. 

 winds only in summer, while in winter southerly winds are frequent. 



' " Aniiuaire de la Societe Meteorologique de France," of tbat year. 



