722 



WINDS OF THE GLOBE. 



the case in S. E. and S. "NV. Spain, where the winds are southerly in summer, coming 

 from the Mediterranean and the Atlantic Ocean. Yet we know that scarcely any 

 rain falls in summer there; for example, in Gibraltar no rain was observed in July 

 and August, and only 0.1 inch in June, while 27| inches fall in the winter months. 

 (See Plates 5, 6, and 9.) 



In Lisbon, Malta, Corfu, and Athens, we see the extreme prevalence of northerly 

 winds in summer, such as characterize the sub-tropical zone. Rome and Naples again 

 have southwesterly winds in summer, but, according to the yearly period of their 

 rains, they belong to the sub- tropical zone, thougli not so decidedly as Southern 

 Portugal and Spain, as well as Greece. 



The northerly winds of summer were known to the ancient Greeks. Aristotle 

 mentions them under the name of Etesian winds. In their gentle regular flow, they 

 resemble the trades, but their direction is more northerly than those of true trades. 



The prevalence of northerly winds is not so decided in winter, though they are 

 more frequent than others in the greater part of this I'egion. They are, however, 

 interrupted from time to time by southerly winds which bring rain. 



The northern part of Spain does not belong to the sub-tropical zone, yet the 

 N. E. and N. W. winds prevail in summer. For the northern coast of Spain it 

 is a sea wind coming from the Bay of Biscay. 



EASTERN EUROPE. 



Northeastward from the Mediterranean region just considered, and southeast- 

 ward from Germany and the western provinces of Austria, there is a region of 

 prevailing N. W. winds — it comprises Hungary, Transylvania, the Danubian prin- 

 cipalities, and S. W. Russia. The following table gives the percentages of winds 

 in this region : — 





Sammer. 



Winter. 1 



!5 



E5 



. 



w 



to 



^ 



6 

 2 



8 



6 

 2 

 10 



29 

 42 



50 



13 

 13 



28 

 42 



9 



22 

 22 

 17 



12 

 4 

 7 



16 

 14 



5 

 9 

 3 



2 

 16 

 10 



9 



4 



22 



11 



13 

 9 



12 

 30 

 6 



9 



7 

 15 



13 

 6 

 11 



12 

 8 

 10 



4 



1 

 6 



6 

 7 

 13 



18 



5 



36 



32 



•11 

 12 



Zone 9— 

 Hungary, N. 343. Buda. (Ofen) . 



N. 346. Debreczin .... 



N. 347. Hermannstadt, Transylvania. 

 S. W. Russia— 



N. 351. Kischinev .... 



N. 352. Dniestrovski Znak 



N. 353. Odessa 



23 

 45 



12 



14 

 22 

 25 



13 



6 

 8 



6 

 12 

 5 



6 

 8 



2 



2 



n 



7 



5 



4 



21 



6 

 20 

 10 



9 



28 







8 

 13 

 25 



10 



1 

 6 



9 

 7 



The prevailing winds at both seasons are N. or N. W., and at Debreczin, Her- 

 mannstadt and Kischinev, they are very largely prevailing. The mean direction 

 is as follows; — 



