DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF WINDS. 



725 



Avignst), on account of the barometrical depression in central Asia, to which the 



air is drawn from western Europe and the Atlantic Ocean. (See Plates 7 and 9.) 



I give first the percentages and mean direction of the wind as obtained by 



Kamtz/ being the means of 18 stations situated between the Black Sea and 53° N. L. 







Percent^ 



V.GES OF Winds in the Steppes 



OF Southern Russia. 









W 





N 





M 





^ 



Mean 

 direction. 



Ratio of 

 resultant. 





15 



^ 



W 



to 



m 



to 



^ 



fc 







January .... 



9.4 



13.3 



21.1 



15.0 



8.7 



lO.o 



11.4 



11. 1 



N. 89° E. 



.15 



February 











8 



^ 



11.4 



19.3 



14.4 



12.2 



11.4 



12.2 



10.8 



S. 56 E. 



.11^ 



March 











8 



I 



11.6 



19.6 



16.1 



11.5 



12.7 



11.6 



9.8 



S. 04 E. 



.13^ 



April 











8 



4 



10.6 



20.5 



16.4 



lO.S 



9.5 



13.5 



10.3 



S. 72 E. 



.I2I 



May . 











9 





10.3 



17.5 



12.3 



12.4 



11.4 



14.6 



12.3 



S. 29 E. 



.04^ 



.June 











10 



.S 



9.S 



13.3 



9.6 



10.8 



11.7 



19.7 



15.3 



N. 81 W. 



.12^ 



July . 











10 



8 



lO.i 



14.0 



10.O 



9.5 



11.0 



19.9 



14.7 



N. G8 W. 



.lOi 



August 











12 



4 



12.1 



19.8 



ll.S 



9.2 



9.6 



12.7 



12.7 



N. 54 E. 



.10 



September 









12 



o 



12.8 



19.1 



13.7 



7.5 



9.6 



13.3 



12.0 



N. 59 E. 



.11 



October 









8 



P 



9.4 



19.0 



14.2 



12.0 



11. 1 



13.9 



11.5 



S. 43 E. 



.07 



November 







8 



S 



10.4 



18.7 



17.2 



ll.q 



12.7 



llo 



9.3 



S. 46 E. 



.15^ 



December 







8 



8 



10.8 



17.6 



13.0 



11. 1 



13.2 



14.1 



11.4 



S. 30 E. 



.06 



Year 



























S. 67 E. 



.06 



The mean direction in June and July is nearly opposite that in December and 

 January, and the prevailing winds are opposite, being W. instead of E. There 

 is no month of the year when the prevailing wind comes from another direction 

 than W. or E. 



From November to April the continental influence is seen to prevail, in June and 

 July westerly winds from the Atlantic Ocean, as shown on Plate 5, while August 

 and September have a much larger proportion of noi'therly winds than the other 

 months, so that the resultant is N. of E. The same is the case in October in the 

 southern part of this region (45°-50° N.) I have already characterized these winds 

 as directed towards Africa and Western Asia, and not towards Central Asia, as in 

 summer. 



The small ratio of resultant in all months shows that this is a border region. 

 Especially the stations between 50°-53° N. have this character. The winds are 

 shown in percentages in the next table. 





Summer. 



Winter. | 





H 





H 





^ 





^ 





H 





H 





^ 





^ 





% 



% 



p4 



02 



CO 



m 



^ 



^ 



fe 



^; 



H 



M 



w 



tD 



fe 



fc 



Zone 9. N. 356. Nikolaief .... 



18 



17 



2 



7 



18 



10 



7 



21 



13 



24 



7 



10 



14 



13 



5 



13 



" 10. N. 382. Sevastopol 



6 



7 



31 



3 



4 



15 



30 



5 



12 



22 



24 



4 



6 



12 



14 



6 



" 10. N. 384. Simferopol .... 



1 



3 



23 



20 



4 



12 



28 



9 



17 



lb 



31 



IV 



6 



6 



10 



8 



" 9. N. 364(a). Lougau .... 



11 



13 



18 



6 



7 



9 



25 



10 



6 



14 



23 



8 



S 



12 



21 



b 



" 9. N. 358. Ekaterinoslav 



6 



5 



19 



8 



10 



16 



28 



7 



b 



10 



20 



US 



21 



13 



10 



b 



" 9. Poltava, Charkov and Woltschausk . 



6 



11 



14 



9 



5 



14 



20 



20 



4 



12 



1» 



12 



7 



lb 



16 



lb 



" 9. N. 363. Taganrog .... 



7 



6 



23 



8 



14 



11 



24 



9 



9 



11 



41 



V 



11 



4 10 



V 



" 9. N. 366. Astrachan .... 



5 



19 



10 



23 



6 



13 



H 



15 



4 



24 



21 



17 



3 



7| 8 



16 



" 8. N. 235. Samarskaja Ferma 



8 



17 



13 



6 



8 



13 



10 



27 



12 



13 



lb 



11 



12 



20i 6 



12 



" 8. N. 237-239. Orenburg 



20 



16 



13 



4 



7 



11 



17 



12 



11 



18 



20 



8 



11 



18 8 



4 



Northern Border of the Steppes— 

































" 9. N. 356. E. Galicia .... 



14 



13 



6 



9 



10 



9 



27 



13 



16 



3 



2 



13 



16 



10 20 



20 



" 8. N. 231. Southern Central Russia 



7 



9 



10 



11 



10 



17 



16 



20 



7 



11 



12 



13 



11 



16 15 



14 



" 8 N. 233. Pensa 



11 



10 



5 



10 



6 



18 



lb 



22 



8 



4 



3 



12 



13 



27: 11 



22 



" 8. 325^. Samara 



18 



20 



9 



2 



5 



11 



32 



3 



7 



lb 



15 



7 



16 



27: 11 



1 



Repertorium f. Meteorologie, v. ii. p. 293. 



