DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OP WiNDS. 



727 













Summer. 



Winter. 









w 





H 





N 





^ 





f4 





H 





^ 





^ 







t. 



fe 



H 



03 



m 



m 



^ 



fe 



7 



12 



12 



m 

 13 



03 



10 



m 

 14 



Ifi 



'A 

 14 



Zone 7 



N. 222. Gorki! 



7 



9 



9 



11 



9 



19 



15 



22 





' 7. 



N. 101. Dorpat 







12 



11 



9 



8 



8 



16 



18 



17 



6 



7 



8 



12 



11 



22 



22 



10 





' 7. 



N. 95. Mitau and Riga . 







25 



6 



7 



9 



11 



10 



18 



15 



12 



6 



10 



19 



22 



n 



15 



5 





' 7. 



N. 103. St. Petersburg' . 







6 



18 



10 



10 



9 



18 



25 



4 



4 



10 



10 



18 



17 



22 



16 



4 





' 6. 



Finland, coast stations' 







18 



8 



13 



8 



12 



13 



15 



12 



11 



8 



15 



16 



21 



12 



11 



6 





' R. 



Finland, inland stations' . 







14 



8 



8 



8 



18 



14 



16 



13 



10 



7 



9 



15 



21 



17 



11 



10 





' 6. 



Aland Islands' . 







22 



5 



2 



8 



16 



21 



4 



22 



8 



10 



3 



11 



9 



32 



9 



17 





' 6. 



N. 61(a). Kem, White Sea 







12 



16 



18 



10 



14 



11 



13 



4 



12 



8 



3 



7 



21 



22 



15 



12 





' 6. 



N. 03. Archangel,' White Sea 







19 



13 



14 



14 



8 



9 



8 



15 



6 



5 



11 



18 



13 



20 



21 



6 





' 7. 



Gov. Vologda' . 







11 



12 



10 



10 



10 



18 



16 



14 



7 



6 



6 



13 



15 



26 



13 



13 





' 7. 



N. 107, 111. Moscow and Vladimir' 





15 



8 



7 



9 



11 



15 



20 



14 



13 



6 



8 



11 



17 



14 



20 



12 



" 7. 



N. 124. N. E. Russia 





4 



12 



12 



14 



8 



22 



11 



17 



4 



6 



4 



11 



13 



32 



15 



14 



At inland stations between 54° and 58° N. (Gorki, Dorpat, Moscow, Vladimir) the 

 direction is very like that which prevails in Germany and further west, that is, a 

 decided prevalence of W. winds, more S. W. in winter, more W. and N. W. in 

 summer. Further north, and aside from the influence of the sea (inner Finland, 

 Government of Vologda, N. E. Eussia) the winds are S. W. or S. even in summer. 

 Thus we have the same conditions that prevail in northern Sweden. 



At Eiga and Mitau there are summer monsoon winds from the N., at the coast 

 stations of Finland they are N. and W., at St. Petersburg W., at Kem on the 

 western shore of the White Sea they are E., while Archangel again has K winds 

 in summer. 



The existence of monsoon winds in so high a latitude is a remarkable fact. 

 Kamtz was the first to show that the winds at Archangel had a monsoon character.^ 

 The mean direction at this place is : — 



Summer, N. 18° E. .16: Winter, S. 25° W. .30. 



While at Kem it is : 



Summer, N. 87° E. .24: Winter, S. 87° W. .25i 



(See also Plate 9.) 



A common trait in nearly all the stations of northern and central Eussia is the 

 frequ.ence of S. E. winds in winter. In this the influence of the high pressure in 

 the interior of the continent is seen. 



NORTHERN AND, CENTRAL ASIA. 



The belt of westerly winds extends far into Siberia. Here, as in European 

 Eussia, we have a belt of high pressure in winter. North of 53° N. the winds are 

 S. and W. in winter, between 50°-53° N. there is a zone of undecided winds, 

 while S. of 50° N. they are easterly, and N. E. already on the lower Syr-Daria. 

 The further we advance to the S. in this direction the greater is the prevalence of 

 E. and N. E. winds in winter, as well as in spring and autumn. This is well 



Calculated by Wesselowski, in his work on the Climate of Russia. 

 Bulletin Phys. Mat. de I'Acad. de St. Petersburg, vol. v. p. 301. 



